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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Mitochondrial metabolism --- mtDNA --- mtRNA --- Cancer --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Mitochondrial disorders
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Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain’s function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no effective cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Because unambiguous diagnosis is possible only after manifestation of symptoms, when a large proportion of neurons has been already lost, therapies are necessarily confined to alleviation of symptoms. Development of cures halting the disease course is hampered by our rudimentary understanding of the etiopathology. Most neurodegenerative disorders are sporadic and age-related and - even for those of known genetic origin - the mechanisms influencing disease onset and progression have not been fully characterized. The different diseases, however, share important similarities in the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss, which is caused by a combination of endogenous and exogenous challenges. Trophic deprivation, oxidative stress, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and bioenergetics defects have been described in most, if not all, neurodegenerative disease.To counterbalance these noxious stimuli cells deploy, at least during the initial pathogenic states, intrinsic neuroprotective responses. These are general compensatory mechanisms, common to several neurodegenerative conditions, which reprogram cellular physiology to overcome stress. Adaptation includes strategies to optimize energetic resources, for instance reduction of rRNA synthesis to repress translation, suppression of transcription, and bioenergetics and metabolic redesign. Additional mechanisms include potentiation of antioxidant capacity, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of protein quality control systems and autophagy. Ineffective execution of these compensatory strategies severely threatens cellular homeostasis and favors onset of pathology. Therefore, a better understanding of these “buffering” mechanisms and of their interconnections may help to devise more effective therapeutic tools to prolong neuronal survival and activity, independently of the original genetic mutations and stress insults.This Research Topic focuses on the initial compensatory responses protecting against failure of those mechanisms that sustaining neuronal survival and activity. The collection intends to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field and to propose novel research contributes, with the ultimate goal of inspiring novel studies aimed to contrast progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry. --- models --- stress response --- Compensation --- mechanisms --- tran --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Degeneration --- Research.
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- Mitochondrial metabolism --- mtDNA --- mtRNA --- Cancer --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Mitochondrial disorders
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- Mitochondrial metabolism --- mtDNA --- mtRNA --- Cancer --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Mitochondrial disorders
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Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain’s function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no effective cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Because unambiguous diagnosis is possible only after manifestation of symptoms, when a large proportion of neurons has been already lost, therapies are necessarily confined to alleviation of symptoms. Development of cures halting the disease course is hampered by our rudimentary understanding of the etiopathology. Most neurodegenerative disorders are sporadic and age-related and - even for those of known genetic origin - the mechanisms influencing disease onset and progression have not been fully characterized. The different diseases, however, share important similarities in the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss, which is caused by a combination of endogenous and exogenous challenges. Trophic deprivation, oxidative stress, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and bioenergetics defects have been described in most, if not all, neurodegenerative disease.To counterbalance these noxious stimuli cells deploy, at least during the initial pathogenic states, intrinsic neuroprotective responses. These are general compensatory mechanisms, common to several neurodegenerative conditions, which reprogram cellular physiology to overcome stress. Adaptation includes strategies to optimize energetic resources, for instance reduction of rRNA synthesis to repress translation, suppression of transcription, and bioenergetics and metabolic redesign. Additional mechanisms include potentiation of antioxidant capacity, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of protein quality control systems and autophagy. Ineffective execution of these compensatory strategies severely threatens cellular homeostasis and favors onset of pathology. Therefore, a better understanding of these “buffering” mechanisms and of their interconnections may help to devise more effective therapeutic tools to prolong neuronal survival and activity, independently of the original genetic mutations and stress insults.This Research Topic focuses on the initial compensatory responses protecting against failure of those mechanisms that sustaining neuronal survival and activity. The collection intends to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field and to propose novel research contributes, with the ultimate goal of inspiring novel studies aimed to contrast progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry. --- Degeneration --- Research. --- models --- stress response --- Compensation --- mechanisms --- tran --- Neurodegenerative disorders
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Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain’s function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no effective cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Because unambiguous diagnosis is possible only after manifestation of symptoms, when a large proportion of neurons has been already lost, therapies are necessarily confined to alleviation of symptoms. Development of cures halting the disease course is hampered by our rudimentary understanding of the etiopathology. Most neurodegenerative disorders are sporadic and age-related and - even for those of known genetic origin - the mechanisms influencing disease onset and progression have not been fully characterized. The different diseases, however, share important similarities in the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss, which is caused by a combination of endogenous and exogenous challenges. Trophic deprivation, oxidative stress, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and bioenergetics defects have been described in most, if not all, neurodegenerative disease.To counterbalance these noxious stimuli cells deploy, at least during the initial pathogenic states, intrinsic neuroprotective responses. These are general compensatory mechanisms, common to several neurodegenerative conditions, which reprogram cellular physiology to overcome stress. Adaptation includes strategies to optimize energetic resources, for instance reduction of rRNA synthesis to repress translation, suppression of transcription, and bioenergetics and metabolic redesign. Additional mechanisms include potentiation of antioxidant capacity, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of protein quality control systems and autophagy. Ineffective execution of these compensatory strategies severely threatens cellular homeostasis and favors onset of pathology. Therefore, a better understanding of these “buffering” mechanisms and of their interconnections may help to devise more effective therapeutic tools to prolong neuronal survival and activity, independently of the original genetic mutations and stress insults.This Research Topic focuses on the initial compensatory responses protecting against failure of those mechanisms that sustaining neuronal survival and activity. The collection intends to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field and to propose novel research contributes, with the ultimate goal of inspiring novel studies aimed to contrast progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry. --- Degeneration --- Research. --- models --- stress response --- Compensation --- mechanisms --- tran --- Neurodegenerative disorders
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New imaging sensors, molecular probes, and neuromarkers for faster temporal resolution, smaller spatial resolution, and higher anatomic accuracy have made brain neuroimaging highly valuable in studying neuropathologies. Provocative insights into how the human brain actually works in real time and in vivo are now possible. In Bioimaging in Neurodegeneration, prominent physicians, researchers, and inventors of cutting-edge technologies review the new imaging tools available for diagnosing, treating, and discovering the underlying causes of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. The new technologies demonstrated include novel sequences for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE); proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS); new tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), such as tropane analogs and altropane; neuromolecular imaging (NMI) of neurotransmitters directly in brain synapses of epilepsy patients with unique carbon-based electrochemical sensors; and intrinsic optical signal imaging (IOS), useful in diagnosing "spreading epileptiform depression." NMI and IOS also promise applications in intraoperative guided neurosurgery. Pediatric mitochondrial cytopathies are discussed, as well as nanotechnology, microtechnology, nanoimaging, and microimaging are presented. Devices for diagnosing tumors are also described. To enhance understanding of the potential of these developing technologies, a companion compact disk contains color versions of selected black-and-white illustrations used in the book. Authoritative and state-of-the art, Bioimaging in Neurodegeneration offers both the physician and researcher a critical survey of the best new technologies for studying neurodegeneration, as well as describing their optimal use in the diagnosis and treatment of specific neurodegenerative diseases.
Brain --- Nervous system --- Degeneration --- Imaging. --- Degeneration. --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Degeneration and regeneration
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Advanced Understanding of Neurodegenerative Diseases focuses on different types of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, different tauopathies, Parkinson's disease, prion disease, motor neuron diseases such as multiple sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. This book provides a clear explanation of different neurodegenerative diseases with new concepts of understand the etiology, pathological mechanisms, drug screening methodology and new therapeutic interventions. Other chapters discuss how hormones and health food supplements affect disease progression of neurodegenerative diseases. From a more technical point of view, some chapters deal with the aggregation of prion proteins in prion diseases. An additional chapter to discuss application of stem cells. This book is suitable for different readers: college students can use it as a textbook; researchers in academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies can take it as updated research information; health care professionals can take it as a reference book, even patients' families, relatives and friends can take it as a good basis to understand neurodegenerative diseases.
Nervous system --- Degeneration. --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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Neuroimaging has become a crucial technique for Neurosciences. Different structural, functional and neurochemical methods, developed in recent decades, have allowed a systematic investigation on the role of neural substrates involved in functions performed by the central nervous system, whether normal or pathological. This book includes contributions from the general area of the neuroimaging to the understanding of normal functions and abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Nervous system --- Degeneration. --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Radiology
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Nervous system --- Brain --- Degeneration. --- Diseases --- Prevention. --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Degeneration and regeneration
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