Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The regulated secretory pathway is a hallmark of neuroendocrine cells. This process comprises many sequential steps, which include ER-associated protein synthesis, post-translational modification of proteins in the Golgi complex, sorting and packing of secretory proteins into carrier granules, cytoskeleton-based granule transport towards the plasma membrane and tethering, docking and fusion of granules with specialized releasing zones. Each stage is subjected to a rigorous regulation by a plethora of factors that function in a spatially and temporarily coordinated fashion. Much effort has been devoted to characterize the precise role of the regulatory proteins participating in the different steps of this process and to identify new factors in order to obtain a unifying picture of the secretory pathway. In spite of this and given the enormous complexity of the process, certain stages are not fully understood yet and many players remain to be identified. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather review articles and original research papers on the molecular mechanisms that govern and ensure the correct release of neuropeptides.

Neuroendocrinology. --- Paraneurons. --- Neuroendocrine Cells --- regulated exocytosis --- Endocytosis --- secretion --- large dense core vesicles --- Membrane trafficking --- super-resolution microscopy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Pulsatility is now recognized as a nearly ubiquitous functional feature of neuroendocrine systems. This volume presents a comprehensive guide to the established and emerging technologies being used to study the perplexing phenomenon of pulsatility. Molecular, cellular, physiological, and mathematical approaches are described in detail.Comprehensive protocols included for the study of* In vitro methods for studying neuroendocrine pulsatility* In vivo sampling and recording procedures for monitoring pulsatility in several species* Improved quantitative and analy

Paraneurons. --- Biological rhythms. --- Cell interaction. --- Cell-cell interaction --- Cell communication --- Cellular communication (Biology) --- Cellular interaction --- Intercellular communication --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Biological clocks --- Biology --- Biorhythms --- Endogenous rhythms --- Living clocks --- Rhythms, Biological --- Chronobiology --- Cycles --- Pacemaker cells --- Neuroendocrine cells --- Neurons --- Chromaffin cells --- Periodicity

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.

Neuroendocrinology. --- Paraneurons. --- Stress (Physiology) --- Obesity --- Dopamine. --- Ghrelin. --- Leptin. --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Endocrine aspects. --- Hormonal aspects of physiological stress --- Endocrinology --- Neuroendocrine cells --- Neurons --- Chromaffin cells --- Neurology --- Neurohormones --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Ob protein --- Hormones --- Motilin-related peptide --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Peptide hormones --- Biogenic amines --- Bromocriptine --- Catecholamines --- Neurotransmitters --- Hormonal aspects --- Disorders --- stress --- Dopamine --- Ghrelin --- Leptin --- Seasonal regulation --- feeding --- HPA axis --- Hypothalamus --- circadian rhythms

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Radiology is evolving at a fast pace, and the specific field of cardiovascular and thoracic imaging is no stranger to that trend. While it could, at first, seem unusual to gather these two specialties in a common Issue, the very fact that many of us are trained and exercise in both is more than a hint to the common grounds these fields are sharing. From the ever-increasing role of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction, segmentation, and analysis of images to the quest of functionality derived from anatomy, their interplay is big, and one innovation developed with the former in mind could prove useful for the latter. If the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shed light on the decisive diagnostic role of chest CT and, to a lesser extent, cardiac MR, one must not forget the major advances and extensive researches made possible in other areas by these techniques in the past years. With this Issue, we aim at encouraging and wish to bring to light state-of-the-art reviews, novel original researches, and ongoing discussions on the multiple aspects of cardiovascular and chest imaging.

Medical equipment & techniques --- lung transplantation --- image processing --- computer-assisted --- pulmonary disease --- chronic obstructive --- bronchiolitis obliterans --- cardiac --- heart --- magnetic resonance --- CMR --- compressed sensing --- congenital heart disease --- GUCH --- real-time imaging --- fast imaging --- function --- retrospective --- retrogating --- image quality --- carcinoid tumor --- neoplasm metastasis --- lymphatic metastasis --- multidetector computed tomography --- neuroendocrine cells --- asbestos-exposition --- HRCT --- asbestosis --- real-time --- arrhythmia --- artifact --- radiation dosage --- lung --- helical computed tomography --- dual-energy CT --- iodine --- diagnostic imaging --- myocarditis --- extra-cellular volume --- thorax --- computed tomography --- photon-counting detectors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Leydig cells of the testis represent the main source of androgens. The idea of Leydig cells as endocrine cells has been the leading characteristic of this interesting cell population till now. Our studies of the last 2 decades allowed us to reveal a new important feature of Leydig cells that is their obvious similarity with structures of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes the expression of neurohormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and glial cell antigens. In this way, it became evident that in addition to the well established control by steroids and systemic hormones, important local auto- and paracrine control mechanisms of testicular functions exist. Thus, the Leydig cells represent a specialized cell population with both endocrine and neuroendocrine properties. The discovery of the neuroendocrine features of Leydig cells gave rise to the hypothesis of a potential neuroectodermal and/or neural crest origin of testicular Leydig cells. In an experimental animal model we revealed that adult Leydig cells originate by transdifferentiation from stem/progenitor cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells), underlying the close relationship of Leydig cells with testis microvasculature. This and the supporting data from the literature provided the basis for revealing the pericytes as a common adult stem cell type of mammalian species. Distributed by the microvasculature through the entire body, the pericyte, acting as a resting early pluripotent adult stem cell, provides an ingenious system to assure the maintenance, physiological repair and regeneration of organs, each under the influence of specific local environmental factors.

Leydig cells. --- Paraneurons. --- Stem cells. --- Leydig cells --- Paraneurons --- Stem cells --- Pericytes --- Leydig Cells --- Stem Cells --- Endothelium, Vascular --- Epithelial Cells --- Cells --- Mesoderm --- Testis --- Endocrine Cells --- Genitalia, Male --- Blood Vessels --- Gonads --- Anatomy --- Endothelium --- Germ Layers --- Epithelium --- Embryonic Structures --- Genitalia --- Cardiovascular System --- Endocrine Glands --- Tissues --- Urogenital System --- Endocrine System --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Colony-forming units (Cells) --- Mother cells --- Progenitor cells --- Neuroendocrine cells --- Interstitial cells of Leydig --- Leydig's cells --- Testicular interstitial cells --- Medicine. --- Endocrinology. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Neurons --- Chromaffin cells --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Endocrinology . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Medicine --- Biology --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research