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The concept of "shifting baselines"--changes in historical reference points used in environmental assessments--illuminates a foundational challenge when evaluating the health of ecosystems and seeking to restore degraded wildlife populations. In this important book, Victor S. Kennedy examines the problem of shifting baselines for one of the most productive aquatic resources in the world: the Chesapeake Bay. Kennedy explains that since the 1800s, when the Bay area was celebrated for its aquatic bounty, harvest baselines have shifted downward precipitously. Over the centuries, fishers and hunters, supported by an extensive infrastructure of boats, gear, and processing facilities, overexploited the region's fish, crustaceans, terrapin, and waterfowl, squandering a profound resource. Beginning with the colonial period and continuing through the twentieth century, Kennedy gathers an unparalleled collection of scientific resources and eyewitness reports by colonists, fishers, managers, scientists, and newspaper reporters to create a comprehensive examination of the Chesapeake's environmental history. Focusing on the relative productivity and health of its fisheries and wildlife and highlighting key species such as shad, oysters, and blue crab, Shifting Baselines in the Chesapeake Bay helps readers understand the remarkable extent of the Bay's natural resources in the past so that we can begin to understand what has changed since, and why. Such knowledge can help illustrate the Bay's potential fertility and stimulate efforts to restore this pivotal maritime system's ecological health and productivity.

Marine ecosystem health --- Coastal ecosystem health --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Ecosystem health --- Coastal environmental health --- Coastal health (Ecosystem health) --- Health, Coastal ecosystem --- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.) --- Environmental conditions.

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There is a growing crisis in our oceans as rates of infectious disease outbreaks are on the rise. Marine epidemics have the potential to cause a mass die-off of wildlife from the bottom to the top of the food chain, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Fueled by sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic in warming seas, ocean outbreaks are sentinels of impending global environmental disaster. Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues as they investigate how four iconic marine animals-corals, abalone, salmon, and starfish-have been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes creeping, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean's biodiversity ends with a hopeful message. Through policy changes and the implementation of innovative solutions from nature, we can reduce major outbreaks, save some ocean ecosystems, and protect our fragile environment.

Marine ecosystem health. --- Corals --- Abalones --- Salmon --- Starfishes --- Écologie marine. --- Coraux --- Saumons --- Ormeaux (mollusques) --- Astérides --- Diseases. --- Maladies. --- Asteroidea --- Asteroideans --- Asteroids (Echinodermata) --- Fish, Star --- Fishes, Star --- Sea stars --- Seastars --- Star fish --- Star fishes --- Starfish --- Stars, Sea --- Echinodermata --- Salmons --- Salmonidae --- Lithophytes --- Anthozoa --- Ear-shells --- Haliotidae --- Haliotis --- Ormers --- Sea-ears --- Archaeogastropoda --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Ecosystem health --- biodiversity. --- climate change. --- coral bleaching. --- global warming. --- marine biology. --- ocean health. --- plastics. --- pollution. --- sea level rise. --- Marine invertebrates

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";The author makes an eloquent plea for marine biodiversity conservation.";-Library Journal";Harvell seems to channel the devotion that motivated the Blaschkas.";-The Guardian Winner of the 2016 National Outdoor Book Award, Environment Category It started with a glass octopus. Dusty, broken, and all but forgotten, it caught Drew Harvell's eye. Fashioned in intricate detail by the father-son glassmaking team of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka, the octopus belonged to a menagerie of unusual marine creatures that had been packed away for decades in a storage unit. More than 150 years earlier, the Blaschkas had been captivated by marine invertebrates and spun their likenesses into glass, documenting the life of oceans untouched by climate change and human impacts. Inspired by the Blaschkas' uncanny replicas, Harvell set out in search of their living counterparts. In A Sea of Glass, she recounts this journey of a lifetime, taking readers along as she dives beneath the ocean's surface to a rarely seen world, revealing the surprising and unusual biology of some of the most ancient animals on the tree of life. On the way, we glimpse a century of change in our ocean ecosystems and learn which of the living matches for the Blaschkas' creations are, indeed, as fragile as glass. Drew Harvell and the Blaschka menagerie are the subjects of the documentary Fragile Legacy, which won the Best Short Film award at the 2015 Blue Ocean Film Festival & Conservation Summit. Learn more about the film and check out the trailer here.

Marine biodiversity conservation. --- Marine invertebrates. --- Marine invertebrates --- Glass animals. --- Animals, Glass --- Glass figurines --- Aquatic invertebrates --- Marine animals --- Conservation of marine biodiversity --- Marine biodiversity --- Marine biological diversity conservation --- Aquatic biodiversity conservation --- Marine resources conservation --- Models. --- Conservation --- Blaschka, Leopold, --- Blaschka, Rudolf, --- Blaschka, Rudolph, --- Blaschka, Leopold --- Blaschka, Rudolf --- anthropocene. --- biodiversity. --- climate change. --- coral bleaching. --- global warming. --- marine biology. --- ocean health. --- plastics. --- pollution. --- sea level rise.

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Marine fishes represent astonishing diversity with respect to practically every aspect of their biology. Reproductive modes and sexual patterns are especially fascinating and provide deep insight into general evolutionary problems. In this volume, chapters focus on reproduction and sexuality among groups of fishes defined by habitat, taxon, and the reproductive processes that are critical for reproductive success. The book illustrates how knowledge of reproductive biology among marine fishes can help identify vulnerable and potentially vulnerable species in the face of changing environmental conditions and increasing human-based pressures.

Marine fishes --- Sexual behavior. --- Reproduction. --- animal populations. --- blennioid fishes. --- chondrichthyan. --- conservation. --- coral reef. --- ecology. --- endangered animals. --- environment. --- environmentalism. --- epipelagic fishes. --- evolutionary problems. --- fertilization ecology. --- fish. --- gobies. --- life sciences. --- marine animals. --- marine biology. --- nature. --- nonfiction. --- ocean animals. --- ocean health. --- reef fishes. --- reproductive biology. --- saltwater. --- science. --- sex change. --- sexual patterns. --- sexual phenotypes. --- sound production. --- spectrography. --- vulnerable species. --- zoology.

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The Ecosystem Approach in Ocean Planning and Governance takes stock of the challenges associated with implementing an ecosystem approach in ocean governance. In addition to theorizing the notion of Ecosystem Approach and its multifaceted implications, the book provides in depth analyses of lessons learned and remaining challenges associated with making the Ecosystem Approach fully relevant and operational in different marine policy fields, including marine spatial planning, fisheries, and biodiversity protection. In doing so, it adds much needed legal and social science perspectives to the existing literature on the Ecosystem Approach in relation to the marine environment. While focusing predominantly on the European context, the perspective is enriched by analyses from other jurisdictions, including the USA.

Marine resources conservation --- Ocean engineering. --- Marine ecology. --- Marine resources --- Environmental management. --- Marine ecosystem health. --- Law and legislation. --- Government policy. --- Health, Marine ecosystem --- Marine environmental health --- Ocean health --- Ecosystem health --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Marine resources and state --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Deep-sea engineering --- Oceaneering --- Submarine engineering --- Underwater engineering --- Engineering --- Oceanography --- Marine resources conservation (International law) --- Law of the sea --- Ecology --- Equipment and supplies --- Law and legislation --- Marine policy --- International law