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In 'From Old Regime to Industrial State', Richard H. Tilly and Michael Kopsidis question established thinking about Germany's industrialization. While some hold that Germany experienced a sudden breakthrough to industrialization, the authors instead consider a long view, incorporating market demand, agricultural advances, and regional variations in industrial innovativeness, customs, and governance. They begin their assessment earlier than previous studies to show how the 18th-century emergence of international trade and the accumulation of capital by merchants fed commercial expansion and innovation. This book provides the history behind the modern German economic juggernaut.

Industrialization --- History --- Germany --- Economic conditions --- History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1910-1919 --- Industrialization - Germany - History - 19th century. --- Germany - Economic conditions - 19th century. --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Deindustrialization --- agricultural revolution. --- demographic transition. --- guilds. --- human capital. --- modern economic growth. --- old regime. --- protoindustrialization. --- railroads. --- zollverein. --- 331.100 --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- E-books

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We have grown accustomed to the idea that scientific theories are embedded in their place and time. But in the case of the development of mathematical physics in eighteenth-century France, the relationship was extremely close. In Before Voltaire, J.B. Shank shows that although the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia in 1687 exerted strong influence, the development of calculus-based physics is better understood as an outcome that grew from French culture in general. Before Voltaire explores how Newton's ideas made their way not just through the realm of French science, but into the larger world of society and culture of which Principia was an intertwined part. Shank also details a history of the beginnings of calculus-based mathematical physics that integrates it into the larger intellectual currents in France at the time, including the Battle of the Ancients and the Moderns, the emergence of wider audiences for science, and the role of the newly reorganized Royal Academy of Sciences. The resulting book offers an unprecedented cultural history of one the most important and influential elements of Enlightenment science.

Mechanics --- Mechanics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Mechanics, Analytic --- History --- History --- History --- History --- Newton, Isaac, --- Newton, Isaac, --- Influence. --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- Académie Royale des Sciences. --- Enlightenment science. --- Issac Newton. --- Newtonian mechanics. --- Old Regime France. --- Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica. --- analytical mechanics. --- infinitesimal calculus. --- mathematical physics. --- rational mechanics.

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This book explores efforts in early modern Catholicism to encourage young men and women to discern the "state of life" to which they were called, whether clerical, religious, or lay. Lane analyzes the origins, growth, and influence of a culture of vocation that became central to the Catholic Reformation as it unfolded in seventeenth-century France.

Reformation --- Catholic Church --- Clergy --- Appointment, call, and election. --- France --- Church history. --- Catholicism. --- Charles Taylor. --- Christianity. --- Counter-Reformation. --- European. --- Francis de Sales. --- French. --- Ignatian. --- Ignatius Loyola. --- Jansenist. --- Old Regime. --- Reformation. --- ancien regime. --- authority. --- clergy. --- clerical. --- coercion. --- confessionalization. --- devotion. --- devout. --- discernment. --- education. --- etat de vie. --- freedom. --- grace. --- inclusive. --- laity. --- layman. --- liberty. --- marriage. --- method. --- modernity. --- monastic. --- moralism. --- pastoral. --- patriarchal. --- piety. --- priesthood. --- rationalization. --- religious. --- rigorist. --- salvation. --- state life. --- systematization. --- vows. --- youth.

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History. --- History --- Spain --- Spain. --- Arts and Humanities --- medieval history --- dissolution of the old regime --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Espanha --- Espanya --- Isupania --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Supein --- Dret --- Diplomàtica --- Associacions, institucions, etc. --- Història --- Associacions --- Associacions culturals --- Associacions voluntàries --- Entitats --- Institucions --- Organitzacions --- Associacionisme --- Grups socials --- Voluntariat --- Ciències jurídiques --- Ordenament jurídic --- Règim jurídic --- Sistema jurídic --- Jurisprudència --- Legislació --- España --- Estado Español --- Reino de España --- Espanya (Regne)

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Enlivened and enriched by Auslander's experiences as a cabinetmaker, this pathbreaking work demonstrates that in post-Revolutionary France, furniture and consumer goods became newly important means of constituting selves, social class, and, perhaps most significantly, the economy and society of the nation itself. The very style of the goods reflected these preoccupations: nineteenth-century bourgeois style was dominated by gendered versions of Old Regime-style furniture, while the working class was offered new furniture designed specifically for its needs. Tastemaking took on a sudden urgency, reflected in the creation of new schools, museums, expositions, libraries, magazines, and books designed to "improve" the taste of producers and consumers alike. As these institutions competed with furniture sellers, a fierce competition sprang up among government bureaucrats, private philanthropists, and distributors to control workers' and consumers' taste. Auslander melds the history of high politics - the formation of the state - with the history of the mundane - furniture - in order to examine how power was consolidated, reproduced, and even resisted in the small objects and gestures of everyday life in France.

Furniture --- Social change --- Politics and culture --- Wood furniture --- Wooden furniture --- Decoration and ornament --- Decorative arts --- House furnishings --- Cabinetwork --- Interior decoration --- Upholstery --- Styles --- Social aspects --- France --- Civilization. --- Politics and government --- Social change. --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- 19th century french culture. --- 19th century french society. --- absolutism. --- aesthetics. --- bourgeois style. --- cabinetmaker. --- consumer culture. --- consumer goods. --- european history. --- france. --- french revolution. --- french society. --- furniture sellers. --- furniture. --- gendered furniture. --- modern france. --- monarchical power. --- national economy. --- old regime style furniture. --- post revolutionary france. --- power. --- productive labor. --- representation. --- social class. --- state formation. --- studies on the history of society and culture. --- style. --- taste making.