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This paper provides one of the first comprehensive and most updated studies on the effects of firms' organizational resources, country institutions, and national culture on the survival and growth of private firms around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing World Bank Enterprise Follow-up Surveys on COVID-19 that cover 18,770 firms in 36 countries, the paper documents four sets of findings. (1) During the pandemic, firms with favorable organizational resources (state ownership and affiliation with parent companies) are more likely to survive and grow, whereas firms with foreign ownership or more financial obstacles are less likely to survive or grow. Firms in countries with a higher per capita income, a lower COVID-19 spread, and a less stringent COVID-19 control policy are more likely to survive and grow. (2) Favorable ownership and parent-company affiliations help cushion the pandemic shock during the pandemic. (3) The relationship between firm characteristics and firm survival/growth is significantly affected by the stringency of a country's COVID-19 policy. (4) Firm survival and growth are positively related to a country's cultural tendency in terms of long-term orientation and are not significantly related to uncertainty avoidance and individualism. The overall quality of country governance is negatively linked to the odds for firm survival as well as revenue and employment growth.

Access to Finance --- Coronavirus --- COVID-19 --- Enterprise Development and Reform --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Firm Growth --- Firm Survival --- Organizational Resources --- Private Firms --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics

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How do terrorist groups control their members? Do the tools groups use to monitor their operatives and enforce discipline create security vulnerabilities that governments can exploit? This title examines the great variation in how terrorist groups are structured.

TERRORISM --- TERRORISTS --- Polemology --- Organization theory --- Terrorists. --- Terrorism. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Criminals --- Violent crimes --- Organized crime --- Organizational behavior. --- History. --- Behavior in organizations --- Management --- Organization --- Psychology, Industrial --- Social psychology --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Fatah. --- Hamas. --- Islamist groups. --- Islamist terrorism. --- Middle East. --- Northern Ireland. --- Palestinian terrorist groups. --- Provisional IRA. --- Russian terrorist groups. --- Tsarist secret police. --- Ulster Defense Association. --- Ulster Volunteer Force. --- agency problems. --- agency theory. --- al-Qa'ida in Iraq. --- al-Qa'ida. --- bureaucracy. --- control. --- counterterror policies. --- counterterrorism policies. --- discrimination. --- group-specific vulnerabilities. --- hierarchy. --- internal dynamics. --- internal politics. --- managerial challenges. --- managerial problems. --- negotiated settlement. --- operational management. --- organizational analysis. --- organizational challenges. --- organizational dynamics. --- organizational resources. --- political goals. --- preference divergence. --- secrecy. --- secular nationalist groups. --- security reducing. --- security risks. --- security-control tradeoff. --- strategic interactions. --- terrorism. --- terrorist activity. --- terrorist group structure. --- terrorist groups. --- terrorist leaders. --- terrorist operatives. --- terrorist organizations. --- terrorists. --- uncertainty. --- violence.