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Agricultural land is subjected to a variety of societal pressures, as demands for food, animal feed, and biomass production increase, with an added requirement to simultaneously maintain natural areas and mitigate climatic and environmental impacts. The biotic elements of agricultural systems interact with the abiotic environment to generate a number of ecosystem functions that offer services benefiting humans across many scales of time and space. The intensification of agriculture generally reduces biodiversity including that within soil, and impacts negatively upon a number of regulating and supporting ecosystem services. There is a global need toward achieving sustainable agricultural systems, as also highlighted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There is hence a need for management regimes that enhance both agricultural production and the associated provision of multiple ecosystem services. The articles of this Research Topic enhance our knowledge of how management practices applied to agricultural systems affect the delivery of multiple ecosystem services and how trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, and supporting services can be handled both above- and below-ground. They also show the diversity of topics that need to be considered within the framework of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural systems, from knowledge on basic concepts and newly-proposed frameworks, to a focus on specific ecosystem types such as grasslands and high nature-value farmlands, pollinator habitats, and soil habitats. This diversity of topics indicates the need for broader-scope research, integrated with targeted scientific research to promote sustainable agricultural practices and to ensure food security.

soil biodiversity --- pollination --- perennial crops --- scale --- soil --- high-value farmlands --- conceptual frameworks

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Agricultural techniques --- Subtropical and Tropical Countries --- Developing countries --- Agricultural systems --- Farm management --- 631.11 <213.5> --- 631.151 --- 631.58 --- 631.58 Particular cultivation systems --- Particular cultivation systems --- 631.151 Systems of farm production and management (extensive, intensive, specialized, diversified, integrated). Farming systems --- Systems of farm production and management (extensive, intensive, specialized, diversified, integrated). Farming systems --- 631.11 <213.5> Farms, farm properties and farming systems--Tropische zones. Tropen --- Farms, farm properties and farming systems--Tropische zones. Tropen --- Farm organization --- Farms --- Agriculture --- Land tenure --- Management --- Agricultural landscape management --- Farming systems --- Systems, Agricultural --- Systems, Farming --- Agricultural geography --- Tropics --- Economic aspects --- Tropics. --- Tropical zones --- cropping systems --- environmental factors --- Farm structure --- Crop rotation --- Dairy cattle --- highlands --- Irrigated farming --- Grazing --- methods --- cultural methods --- Agricultural systems - Tropics --- Farm management - Tropics --- Ley systems --- Dairy systems --- Fallow systems --- Permanent upland system --- Perennial crops --- Grazing systems --- Arable irrigation farming --- Shifting cultivation systems --- Tropical farming

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Almost a decade after large land-based investment for agriculture increased sharply, opinions on its impact continue to diverge, partly because (positive or negative) spillovers on neighboring smallholders have never been rigorously assessed. Applying methods from the urban literature on Mozambican data suggests that changes in the number and area of large farms within 25 or 50 kilometers of these investments raised use of improved practices, animal traction, and inputs by small farmers without increasing cultivated area or participation in output, credit, and nonfarm labor markets; or, once these factors are controlled for, yields. The limited scope and modest size of the estimated benefits point toward considerable unrealized potential. The paper discusses ways to systematically explore the size of such potential and the extent to which it is realized.

Agencies --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural census --- Agricultural development --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural extension --- Agricultural investment --- Agricultural land --- Agricultural practices --- Agricultural production --- Agricultural productivity --- Agriculture --- Agriculture & farming systems --- Agronomic practices --- Animal traction --- Annual crops --- Average yields --- Cash crops --- Cattle --- Climatic conditions --- Commercial farmers --- Commodity --- Conserve soil --- Contract farming --- Crop --- Crop rotation --- Crop yields --- Cropping --- Crops --- Crops & crop management systems --- Cultivation --- Cultivation practices --- Dairy sector --- Economics --- Environmental benefits --- Extension --- Farm employment --- Farm sector --- Farming --- Farmland --- Farms --- Food --- Food crops --- Food production --- Food security --- Gender --- Green revolution --- Horticulture --- Indicators --- Intercropping --- Irrigated land --- Knowledge --- Labor demand --- Land access --- Land resources --- Land use --- Livestock --- Livestock & animal husbandry --- Livestock production --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Maize --- Millet --- Outgrower schemes --- Peanuts --- Perennial crops --- Plants --- Poverty reduction --- Private sector --- Produce --- Productivity growth --- RD --- Reports --- Research --- Ruminants --- Rural development --- Rural development knowledge and information systems --- Seed --- Small farms --- Small holdings --- Small ruminants --- Smallholder --- Soil fertility --- Sowing --- Tobacco --- Vegetables --- Water resources --- Weed control

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The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- harvesting --- work productivity --- supply chain --- harvesting efficiency --- Salix --- genoype × site interaction --- survivability --- biometric features --- plant height --- fresh biomass yield --- dry biomass yield --- Miscanthus --- nitrogen fertilization --- rhizomes --- stem --- leaves --- consumer choices --- eucalyptus --- firewood --- Italy --- multilevel logistic regression model --- willingness to consume --- tobacco biomass --- energy yield --- higher heating value --- biogas potential --- Nicotiana tabacum --- energy crops --- planting density --- calorific value --- SRC --- hulled wheat species --- energy --- life cycle assessment --- Tenebrio molitor --- edible insects --- larval development --- feed conversion ratio --- agricultural and industrial residues --- lignocellulosic biomass --- bioconversion --- agroforestry --- biodiversity --- bioeconomy --- biomass supply --- circular economy --- organic farming --- perennial crops --- quarry --- syntropy --- vegetation restoration --- willow --- varieties --- yield --- marginal soil --- biological diversity --- marginal land --- cup plant --- perennial energy crop --- energy expenses --- biogas --- biomass yield --- willow SRC --- energy plants --- ground beetles --- Carabidae --- ecosystem services --- invertebrate biodiversity --- willow-leaf sunflower --- Jerusalem artichoke --- supercritical extraction --- water as co-solvent --- antimicrobial activity --- biocidal effect --- bioenergy crop --- groundwater --- growth --- invasive potential --- reproductive potential --- Silphium perfoliatum --- soil moisture --- water table distance --- energy biomass --- yields --- invasive behavior --- economics --- common osier --- fertilization --- dry matter yield --- soil chemical parameters --- soil bulk density --- water-stable aggregates --- soil microbial carbon --- willow browse --- soluble carbohydrates --- browsing damage --- cervids --- gas chromatography --- aboveground --- belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus --- ash --- potassium --- calcium --- sulphur content --- uptake --- bioproduction --- CAP payments --- sustainable agriculture --- Poland --- unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) --- abandoned areas --- land use and land-use change --- carbon sequestration --- soil properties (physical and chemical) --- polyphenols --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- perennial industrial crops --- antioxidant activity --- silvergrass --- willowleaf sunflower --- prairie cordgrass --- n/a

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The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- harvesting --- work productivity --- supply chain --- harvesting efficiency --- Salix --- genoype × site interaction --- survivability --- biometric features --- plant height --- fresh biomass yield --- dry biomass yield --- Miscanthus --- nitrogen fertilization --- rhizomes --- stem --- leaves --- consumer choices --- eucalyptus --- firewood --- Italy --- multilevel logistic regression model --- willingness to consume --- tobacco biomass --- energy yield --- higher heating value --- biogas potential --- Nicotiana tabacum --- energy crops --- planting density --- calorific value --- SRC --- hulled wheat species --- energy --- life cycle assessment --- Tenebrio molitor --- edible insects --- larval development --- feed conversion ratio --- agricultural and industrial residues --- lignocellulosic biomass --- bioconversion --- agroforestry --- biodiversity --- bioeconomy --- biomass supply --- circular economy --- organic farming --- perennial crops --- quarry --- syntropy --- vegetation restoration --- willow --- varieties --- yield --- marginal soil --- biological diversity --- marginal land --- cup plant --- perennial energy crop --- energy expenses --- biogas --- biomass yield --- willow SRC --- energy plants --- ground beetles --- Carabidae --- ecosystem services --- invertebrate biodiversity --- willow-leaf sunflower --- Jerusalem artichoke --- supercritical extraction --- water as co-solvent --- antimicrobial activity --- biocidal effect --- bioenergy crop --- groundwater --- growth --- invasive potential --- reproductive potential --- Silphium perfoliatum --- soil moisture --- water table distance --- energy biomass --- yields --- invasive behavior --- economics --- common osier --- fertilization --- dry matter yield --- soil chemical parameters --- soil bulk density --- water-stable aggregates --- soil microbial carbon --- willow browse --- soluble carbohydrates --- browsing damage --- cervids --- gas chromatography --- aboveground --- belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus --- ash --- potassium --- calcium --- sulphur content --- uptake --- bioproduction --- CAP payments --- sustainable agriculture --- Poland --- unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) --- abandoned areas --- land use and land-use change --- carbon sequestration --- soil properties (physical and chemical) --- polyphenols --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- perennial industrial crops --- antioxidant activity --- silvergrass --- willowleaf sunflower --- prairie cordgrass --- n/a