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This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties.

Research & information: general --- growth hormone --- long-acting Fc-fusion recombinant human growth hormone --- method validation --- cell-based bioassay --- reporter gene assay --- pharmacokinetics --- tissue distribution --- alnustone --- rats --- LC-MS/MS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- fixed-dose combination --- biomimetic chromatography --- thiopurine immunosuppressants --- folic acid --- doxorubicin --- hernandezine --- pharmacokinetic study --- drug–drug interaction --- gardneramine --- monoterpenoid indole alkaloid --- memantine --- rimantadine --- amantadine --- zone fluidics --- o-phthalaldehyde --- derivatization --- stopped-flow --- quality control --- anwuligan --- rat --- optode --- polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride --- lactone-rhodamine B --- contact-lens detergent --- dietary supplement --- adulteration --- low-field NMR --- multivariate analysis --- steroids --- Partial Least Squares regression --- in vitro permeability --- predictive model --- ketamine --- norketamine --- high throughput bar adsorptive microextraction --- LVI-GC-MS(SIM) --- urine --- baricitinib --- UPLC-MS/MS --- irbersartan --- n/a --- drug-drug interaction

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Herbal and plant extracts show diverse activities and have been used for centuries as natural medicines for many health problems and diseases. Through the isolation and analysis of the compounds in the extracts, it is possible to understand why the extracts exhibit those activities, as well as the chemical metabolism of compounds that occur in plants and herbs. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to develop herbal and plant extracts into functional foods and drugs, but the legal requirements are becoming stricter. We need sophisticatedly defined extracts through the isolation and analysis of compounds comprising them in order to meet the legal requirements and to pursue quality control strategies in the production of functional foods and drugs. This Special Issue Book compiled the 15 recent research and review articles that highlight the isolation, profiling, and analysis of compounds in herbal and plant extracts, as well as quality control and standardized processing strategies for extracts with characteristic compounds.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Polygala tenuifolia --- phenolic glycosides --- saponins --- anti-inflammatory effect --- bioactive compound --- isatidis folium --- HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS --- antiwrinkle activity --- quality control --- response surface methodology --- Boesenbergia rotunda --- Zingiberaceae --- flavonoid --- 4-hydroxypanduratin --- vasorelaxation --- tribe Clauseneae --- DNA barcode --- volatile compounds --- antioxidant activity --- ACE inhibitory activity --- anticancer activity --- α-glucosidase inhibitory activity --- avocado oil --- fatty acids --- hearing loss --- zebrafish --- hair cell --- Schisandra chinensis --- Omija --- dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans --- seed --- flower --- fermented beverage --- dried tepals --- total phenolic content --- total anthocyanin content --- vitamin C --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- biorefining --- fibrosarcoma --- metastasis --- natural products --- plants --- protease inhibitors --- tumor cells --- bombacoideae --- pharmacology --- phytochemical ingredients --- bioactive compounds --- medicine --- Hippophae rhamnoides --- Elaeagnaceae --- citrate derivatives --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- electronic circular dichroism (ECD) --- Dendrobium --- Orchidaceae --- D. nobile --- D. candidum --- D. nobile × candidum --- gamma-irradiated mutant --- metabolomics --- cytotoxicity --- Morus sp. pl. --- cultivar --- mulberry --- 1-DNJ --- HPLC-ESI-MS --- HILIC --- Inonotus obliquus --- inotodiol --- noncompartment analysis --- pharmacokinetic study --- Coreopsis rosea --- Coreopsis verticillata --- mutant cultivar --- dipeptidyl peptidase-IV --- analytical tools --- data analysis --- genetically modified crops --- mass spectrometry --- metabolomics databases --- metabolomics software tools --- omics --- plant biology --- n/a

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Herbal and plant extracts show diverse activities and have been used for centuries as natural medicines for many health problems and diseases. Through the isolation and analysis of the compounds in the extracts, it is possible to understand why the extracts exhibit those activities, as well as the chemical metabolism of compounds that occur in plants and herbs. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to develop herbal and plant extracts into functional foods and drugs, but the legal requirements are becoming stricter. We need sophisticatedly defined extracts through the isolation and analysis of compounds comprising them in order to meet the legal requirements and to pursue quality control strategies in the production of functional foods and drugs. This Special Issue Book compiled the 15 recent research and review articles that highlight the isolation, profiling, and analysis of compounds in herbal and plant extracts, as well as quality control and standardized processing strategies for extracts with characteristic compounds.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Polygala tenuifolia --- phenolic glycosides --- saponins --- anti-inflammatory effect --- bioactive compound --- isatidis folium --- HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS --- antiwrinkle activity --- quality control --- response surface methodology --- Boesenbergia rotunda --- Zingiberaceae --- flavonoid --- 4-hydroxypanduratin --- vasorelaxation --- tribe Clauseneae --- DNA barcode --- volatile compounds --- antioxidant activity --- ACE inhibitory activity --- anticancer activity --- α-glucosidase inhibitory activity --- avocado oil --- fatty acids --- hearing loss --- zebrafish --- hair cell --- Schisandra chinensis --- Omija --- dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans --- seed --- flower --- fermented beverage --- dried tepals --- total phenolic content --- total anthocyanin content --- vitamin C --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- biorefining --- fibrosarcoma --- metastasis --- natural products --- plants --- protease inhibitors --- tumor cells --- bombacoideae --- pharmacology --- phytochemical ingredients --- bioactive compounds --- medicine --- Hippophae rhamnoides --- Elaeagnaceae --- citrate derivatives --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- electronic circular dichroism (ECD) --- Dendrobium --- Orchidaceae --- D. nobile --- D. candidum --- D. nobile × candidum --- gamma-irradiated mutant --- metabolomics --- cytotoxicity --- Morus sp. pl. --- cultivar --- mulberry --- 1-DNJ --- HPLC-ESI-MS --- HILIC --- Inonotus obliquus --- inotodiol --- noncompartment analysis --- pharmacokinetic study --- Coreopsis rosea --- Coreopsis verticillata --- mutant cultivar --- dipeptidyl peptidase-IV --- analytical tools --- data analysis --- genetically modified crops --- mass spectrometry --- metabolomics databases --- metabolomics software tools --- omics --- plant biology --- n/a

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This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters.

tofacitinib --- dose-dependent pharmacokinetics --- hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect --- rats --- catalposide --- in vitro human metabolism --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase --- sulfotransferase --- carboxylesterase --- celecoxib --- drug–drug interaction --- fluorescence --- HPLC --- metabolism --- repaglinide --- HSG4112 --- anti-obesity agent --- stereoselectivity --- pharmacokinetics --- compound K --- protopanaxadiol (PPD) --- biliary excretion --- intestinal metabolism --- Carthamus tinctorius extract --- notoginseng total saponins --- comparative pharmacokinetic study --- large volume direct injection --- compatibility mechanism --- mertansine --- human hepatocytes --- cytochrome P450 --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferases --- sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors --- DWP16001 --- kidney distribution --- inhibition mode --- diabetes --- transporter-enzyme interplay --- influx transporter --- efflux transporter --- physiologically based pharmacokinetic model --- cytochrome P450 enzymes --- tiropramide --- healthy Korean subjects --- modeling --- population pharmacokinetic --- quercetin --- breast cancer resistance protein --- inhibitor --- prazosin --- sulfasalazine --- kinetic analysis --- food–drug interactions --- Caco-2 --- EpiIntestinal --- first-pass --- P-gp --- BCRP --- drug transporter --- CYP3A4 --- oral availability --- automatization --- drug absorption --- drug dosing --- head-and-neck cancer --- real-time measurements --- taxanes --- tissue engineering --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- metformin --- verapamil --- drug interaction --- organic cation transporter 2 --- renal excretion --- acute renal failure --- gentamicin --- cisplatin --- hepatic CYP3A1(23) --- creatinine clearance --- renal clearance --- nonrenal clearance

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Plants have served mankind as an important source of foods and medicines. While we all consume plants and their products for nutritional support, a majority of the world population also rely on botanical remedies to meet their health needs, either as their own “traditional medicine” or as “complementary and alternative medicine”. From a pharmaceutical point of view, many compounds obtained from plant sources have long been known to possess bio/pharmacological activities, and historically, plants have yielded many important drugs for human use, from morphine discovered in the early nineteenth century to the more recent paclitaxel and artemisinin. Today, we are witnessing a global resurgence in interest and use of plant-based therapies and botanical products, and natural products remain an important and viable source of lead compounds in many drug discovery programs.This Special Issue on “Plant Natural Products for Human Health” compiles a series of scientific reports to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of plant natural products. It covers a range of disease targets, such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, bacterial, and fungus infection and malarial. These papers provide important insights into the current state of research on drug discovery and new techniques. It is hoped that this Special Issue will serve as a timely reference for researchers and scholars who are interested in the discovery of potentially useful molecules from plant sources for health-related applications.

PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules