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In The Medium of Contingency Elie Ayache builds upon his ground-breaking book The Blank Swan, in exploring the intersection of philosophy and finance, introducing new notions of price and market. Inverting the received view, he now sees a creation of matter in both the market and its metaphysics, rather than pure speculation. Once recognized as the proper medium of contingency and disassociated from the probabilistic and statistical tools traditionally used to model it, the market can be thought as 'real', in a new sense of reality corresponding to the new sense of matter. To bring this new and original perspective, The Medium of Contingency builds on probability theory as first formalized by von Mises and Kolmogorov, and later revisited by Shafer and Vovk. It utilises the author's extensive experience in derivatives pricing technology and software, as well as his work in the philosophy of contingency and contingent claims, to propose a new philosophical interpretation of Brownian motion and of the Black-Scholes-Merton formula. Then it completes the overturning of the traditional view of the market by arguing that there should be no difference, ultimately, between an underlying asset and the derivative written on it. This book does not aim to change the market but the way we must think of it. It is the author's conviction that there can be no philosophy of the market, and consequently no thinking of it, without a philosophy of contingent claims and of derivative pricing. The book provides the missing piece, which the philosophy of probability cannot provide alone. Its scope, however, extends beyond the strict critique of financial mathematics, as it also, and perhaps most importantly, delivers the author's definitive treatment of the philosophically prominent and recently much discussed notion of contingency. .

Capital market. --- Mathematics—Philosophy. --- Mathematics. --- Capital Markets. --- Philosophy of Mathematics.

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This is a collection of new investigations and discoveries on the theory of opposition (square, hexagon, octagon, polyhedra of opposition) by the best specialists from all over the world. The papers range from historical considerations to new mathematical developments of the theory of opposition including applications to theology, theory of argumentation and metalogic.

Logic. --- Mathematics—Philosophy. --- Mathematical logic. --- Philosophy of Mathematics. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations.

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Kants Texte zur Philosophie der Mathematik sind über sein ganzes Werk verteilt. In diesem Band wird zum ersten Mal eine chronologisch geordnete Auswahl angeboten, die die wichtigsten Textstücke zusammenstellt. So ermöglicht diese zusammenhängende und umfangreiche Textbasis einen synoptischen Blick auf Kants Positionen zur Philosophie der Mathematik und erlaubt die Bearbeitung auch heute noch relevanter mathematischer Fragestellungen: Ein Standardwerk! Kant hat sich sein ganzes akademisches Leben mit der Philosophie der Mathematik befasst. Er hat aber nie ein zusammenhängendes Werk dazu geschrieben; dennoch gibt es in fast allen seinen Schriften und Vorlesungen Überlegungen zu Themen der Mathematik.

Immanuel Kant --- Philosophy of Mathematics --- mathematische Sätze --- mathematische Probleme --- Mathematik bei Kant

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This volume contains 8 papers that have been collected by the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics. It showcases rigorously reviewed contemporary scholarship on an interesting variety of topics in the history and philosophy of mathematics. Some of the topics explored include: A way to rethink how logic is taught to philosophy students by using a rejuvenated version of the Aristotelian idea of an argument schema A quantitative approach using data from Wikipedia to study collaboration between nineteenth-century British mathematicians The depiction and perception of Émilie Du Châtelet’s scientific contributions as viewed through the frontispieces designed for books written by or connected to her A study of the Cambridge Women’s Research Club, a place where British women were able to participate in scholarly scientific discourse in the middle of the twentieth century An examination of the research and writing process of mathematicians by looking at their drafts and other preparatory notes A global history of al-Khwārāzmī’s Kitāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala as obtained by tracing its reception through numerous translations and commentaries Written by leading scholars in the field, these papers are accessible not only to mathematicians and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics, but also to anyone with a general interest in mathematics.

Mathematics. --- History. --- Mathematics --- Science --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Philosophy of Mathematics. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy.

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Ce volume regroupe trente-neuf articles publiés entre 1893 et 1917 par le philosophe de la logique, des mathématiques et du langage que fut Louis Couturat (1868-1914). Ces articles, publiés pendant dans diverses revues, en particulier dans la Revue de métaphysique et de morale, sont ici rassemblés pour la première fois. Ils portent essentiellement sur la logique, la philosophie des mathématiques et celle du langage sous l’angle de la langue universelle. Ils illustrent aussi la vigueur du lien entre sciences et philosophie à cette époque. Ce volume n’est pas seulement intéressant pour mieux comprendre les thèses rationalistes que défendit Couturat au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles, alors que le logicisme d’un côté, le bergsonisme de l’autre, semblaient transformer totalement la philosophie. Il fournit également un nouvel éclairage sur le mouvement des idées à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors que la Société française de philosophie était créée et qu’étaient organisés les premiers Congrès internationaux rassemblant des savants par-delà les frontières.

History & Philosophy Of Science --- international language --- Leibniz (Gottfried Wihelm) --- Kant (Emmanuel) --- philosophy of mathematics --- langue internationale --- philosophie des mathématiques