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L’acronyme laser pour amplification de la lumière par émission stimulée de rayonnement, nous rapporte à la théorie d’émission stimulée d’Einstein en 1917. Sur base de ce principe, Théodore Maiman a créé le 1er laser à rubis dans les années 60. De nos jours, les mécanismes exacts engendrés par le laser ne sont pas encore totalement compris, mais les nombreux essais parus tentent de lever le mystère quant aux effets bénéfiques apportés par la thérapie laser. Sur cette base, il semblerait que l’interaction des photons avec les photoaccepteurs présents dans la chaine de transport des électrons soit responsable de changements cellulaires et moléculaires menant in fine à des effets anti-inflammatoires, analgésiques, … De ce fait, cette thérapie se veut complémentaire des traitements usuels médicamenteux, dans le but de réduire les doses de ces derniers, voire même de les supprimer, et éviter ainsi les potentiels effets secondaires qu’ils peuvent provoquer. Différentes applications en médecine vétérinaire ont vu le jour telles que le traitement des plaies lors d’une fermeture par seconde intention, la gingivo-stomatite féline, l’arthrose, et bien d’autres encore. Dans le cadre de l’arthrose plus précisément, diverses preuves scientifiques, basées sur des essais cliniques, semblent s’accorder pour affirmer que la thérapie laser serait bénéfique d’un point de vue récupération fonctionnelle et analgésie chez les chiens atteints d’arthrose. Malgré tout, afin de pouvoir généraliser ces résultats, il conviendrait pour des recherches futures d’effectuer davantage d’essais contrôlés randomisés en double aveugle avec des échantillons de taille suffisante permettant de garantir une puissance statistique des études. The acronym laser for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, brings us back to the stimulated emission theory of Einstein in 1917. Based on this principle, Théodore Maiman created the 1st ruby laser in the 60s. Nowadays, the exact mechanisms generated by the laser are not yet fully understood, but many published trials attempt to remove the mystery as to the beneficial effects provided by laser therapy. On this basis, it seems that the interaction of photons with the photoacceptors present in the electron transport chain is responsible for cellular and molecular changes ultimately leading to anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, etc. As a result, the aim of the therapy is to complement the usual drug treatments, in order to reduce the doses of the latter, or even to eliminate them, and thus avoid the potential side effects that they can cause. Various applications in veterinary medicine have emerged such as the treatment of wounds during secondary closure, feline gingivostomatitis, osteoarthritis, and many more. In the context of osteoarthritis more specifically, various scientific evidences, based on clinical trials, seems to agree in affirming that laser therapy would be beneficial from the point of view of functional recovery and analgesia in dogs with osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, in order to be able to generalize these results, it would be appropriate for future research to carry out more double-blind randomized controlled trials with samples of sufficient size to guarantee the statistical power of the studies.

osteoarthritis --- photobiomodulation --- Dogs --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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La gingivostostomatite chronique féline est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de la cavité buccale du chat. C’est une maladie douloureuse et débilitante pouvant aboutir, dans les cas les plus graves, à l’euthanasie. L’étiologie est encore incertaine mais implique probablement l’action concomitante de différents virus et bactéries ainsi qu’une origine immunitaire. Les traitements actuels sont divers et incluent des traitements médicaux immunomodulateurs, anti-inflammatoires et chirurgicaux. La diversité des approches thérapeutiques révèle la difficulté qu’ont les vétérinaires dans la gestion de cette pathologie. La thérapie au laser de faible niveau (Low Level Laser Therapy LLLT) ou photobiomodulation (PBM) est une alternative déjà utilisée en médecine humaine dans le cadre de pathologies buccales et articulaires. En médecine vétérinaire, son usage se développe de plus en plus, surtout dans le traitement d’atteintes du système arthro-myo-squelettique. Les différents effets décrits dans la littérature comprennent l’analgésie, des composantes anti-inflammatoires et antimicrobiennes et la réparation tissulaire. Son utilisation dans le traitement des gingivostomatites montre de bons résultats dans l’évolution des lésions et de la douleur. Il s’agirait surtout des propriétés analgésiques qui seraient responsables de l’amélioration des signes cliniques mais une diminution de la taille des lésions est également rapportée. Malgré cela, de plus amples études sur son utilisation chez le chat sont nécessaires. Feline chronic gingivostostomatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the cat’s oral cavity. It is a painful and debilitating disease that can lead, in the most serious cases, to euthanasia. The etiology is still uncertain but probably involves the concomitant action of different viruses and bacteria as well as of immunity. Current treatments are diverse and include different medical immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and surgical treatments. These various therapeutic approaches reveal the difficulties that veterinarians face in managing this pathology. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) is an alternative already used in human medicine for oral and joint pathologies. In veterinary medicine, its use is continuously increasing, especially in the treatment of arthro-myo-skeletal system damage. The various effects described in the literature include analgesia, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and tissue repair. Its use in the treatment of gingivostomatitis shows good results in the evolution of lesions and pain. Analgesic properties mainly would be responsible for the improvement of clinical signs but a decrease in lesion size is also reported. Yet, further studies on its use in cats are needed.

Chat --- Gingivostomatite --- Laser --- Photobiomodulation --- LLLT --- Calicivirus --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Physiology --- Recovery methods --- cold water immersion --- active recovery --- photobiomodulation --- physiological responses --- heart rate variability

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Lasers --- Therapeutic use. --- Lasers in neurology. --- Low-Level Light Therapy. --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Mental Processes --- therapy. --- radiation effects. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Laser Phototherapy --- Laser Therapy, Low-Power --- Low-Level Laser Therapy --- Low-Power Laser Irradiation --- Low-Power Laser Therapy --- Photobiomodulation Therapy --- LLLT --- Laser Biostimulation --- Laser Irradiation, Low-Power --- Laser Therapy, Low-Level --- Biostimulation, Laser --- Irradiation, Low-Power Laser --- Laser Irradiation, Low Power --- Laser Therapies, Low-Level --- Laser Therapies, Low-Power --- Laser Therapy, Low Level --- Laser Therapy, Low Power --- Light Therapies, Low-Level --- Light Therapy, Low-Level --- Low Level Laser Therapy --- Low Level Light Therapy --- Low Power Laser Irradiation --- Low Power Laser Therapy --- Low-Level Laser Therapies --- Low-Level Light Therapies --- Low-Power Laser Therapies --- Photobiomodulation Therapies --- Phototherapy, Laser --- Therapies, Low-Level Light --- Therapies, Photobiomodulation --- Therapy, Low-Level Light --- Therapy, Photobiomodulation --- Neurological lasers --- Neurology

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The relationship of oral disease to overall disease is certainly not a new concept. For centuries, the role of oral infection and inflammation in contributing to diseases elsewhere in the body has been studied and reported. During the last few decades, a series of intriguing reports from many countries have increased the current interest in the role of oral health and disease in contributing to general health and systemic conditions. Is it possible that oral and periodontal disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular and other systemic diseases? Since this question was first posed, a phenomenal body of work has been directed at understanding how oral periodontal disease might affect distant sites and organs and, thus, have an effect on overall health. Recent studies of the human microbiome using DNA sequencing technologies have revealed new insights into the possible mechanisms that help to explain how oral infections can occur in distinct sites such as atheromas, the colon, and reproductive tissues.

Medicine --- autoclave --- endodontic sterilization --- atomic force microscopy --- NiTi alloy --- endodontics --- corrosion --- facial typology --- gingival biotype --- orthodontic diagnosis --- cephalometric analysis --- three-dimensional facial scans --- myeloperoxidase --- periodontitis --- cardiovascular disease --- applied model --- digital dentistry --- digital orthodontics --- photobiomodulation --- geometric morphometric analysis --- integration --- cranial base --- facial skeleton --- craniofacial orthopedic --- cone beam computed tomography --- panoramic radiography --- orthopantomography --- age determination by teeth --- age estimation --- forensic dentistry --- relapse --- orthodontic retainers --- stability --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- tonsillectomy --- chronic periodontitis --- cohort --- Korea --- sex determination --- sexual dimorphism --- dental measurements --- predictive model --- Portuguese population --- clear aligners --- fixed appliances --- pain perception --- VAS (visual analog scale) scale --- oral health --- systemic health --- caries --- oral pathology --- applied sciences --- COVID-19 --- ACE2 --- cytokines --- inflammation