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Particle accelerators and radiation based on radio-frequency (RF) cavities have significantly contributed to the advancement of science and technology in the most recent century. However, the rising costs and scales for building cutting-edge accelerators act as barriers to accessing these particle and radiation sources. Since the introduction of chirped pulse amplification technology in the 1990s, short-pulse, high-power lasers have enabled the realization of laser-driven accelerations and radiation sources. Laser-driven accelerators and radiation sources could be a viable alternative to providing compact and cost-effective particle and photon sources. An accelerating field in a plasma, driven by intense laser pulses, is typically several orders of magnitude greater than that of RF accelerators, while controlling the plasma media and intense laser pulses is highly demanding. Therefore, numerous efforts have been directed toward developing laser-driven high-quality particle beams and radiation sources with the goal of paving the way for these novel sources to be used in a variety of applications. This Special Issue covers the latest developments in laser-based ion and electron accelerators; laser-plasma radiation sources; advanced targetry and diagnostic systems for laser-driven particle accelerators; particle beam transport solutions for multidisciplinary applications; ionizing radiation dose map determination; and new approaches to laser–plasma nuclear fusion using high-intensity, short laser pulses.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- spectra of laser accelerated particle beams --- mapping of radiation dose --- GEANT4 simulations --- Monte Carlo simulation --- laser-driven ion acceleration --- imaging plate --- high repetition rate target --- ion acceleration --- laser–plasma interaction --- Thomson parabola --- electromagnetic pulse --- laser electron acceleration --- laser proton acceleration --- high-intensity lasers --- non-destructive testing --- elemental analysis --- petawatt laser --- laser plasma --- laser wakefield acceleration --- compact electron accelerator --- GeV electron beam --- laser-plasma accelerator --- TNSA --- laser-accelerated protons --- magnetic beamline --- Particle Induced X-ray Emission --- laser-produced plasma --- plasma light source --- far-ultraviolet spectroscopy --- Seya–Namioka monochromator --- radiation-hydrodynamics --- collisional-radiative model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- Geant4 --- laser-accelerated ion beams --- proton–boron fusion --- laser–plasma acceleration --- α-particle beam --- n/a --- laser-plasma interaction --- Seya-Namioka monochromator --- proton-boron fusion --- laser-plasma acceleration

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The ever-increasing need for higher efficiency, smaller size, and lower cost make the analysis, understanding, and design of energy conversion systems extremely important, interesting, and even imperative. One of the most neglected features in the study of such systems is the effect of the inherent nonlinearities on the stability of the system. Due to these nonlinearities, these devices may exhibit undesirable and complex dynamics, which are the focus of many researchers. Even though a lot of research has taken place in this area during the last 20 years, it is still an active research topic for mainstream power engineers. This research has demonstrated that these systems can become unstable with a direct result in increased losses, extra subharmonics, and even uncontrollability/unobservability. The detailed study of these systems can help in the design of smaller, lighter, and less expensive converters that are particularly important in emerging areas of research like electric vehicles, smart grids, renewable energy sources, and others. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover control and nonlinear aspects of instabilities in different energy conversion systems: theoretical, analysis modelling, and practical solutions for such emerging applications. In this Special Issue, we present novel research works in different areas of the control and nonlinear dynamics of energy conversion systems.

multi-clearance --- neural network --- zero average dynamics --- Cable3D --- variable bus voltage MG --- explosion-magnetic generator --- quadratic boost --- matrix norm --- coordinated control system --- permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) --- photovoltaic (PV) --- power conversion --- capacitance current pulse train control --- air gap eccentricity --- high step-up voltage gain --- voltage ripple --- offset-free --- goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP) --- current mode control --- sliding mode observer (SMO) --- multi-model predictive control --- combined heat and power unit --- discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) --- current-pulse formation --- sliding mode control --- single artificial neuron goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (SAN-GrHDP) --- subharmonic oscillations --- DC micro grid --- supply air temperature --- air-handling unit (AHU) --- vibration characteristics --- magnetic saturation --- slope compensation --- fixed-point inducting control --- the load of suspension point in the z direction --- variable switching frequency DC-DC converters --- droop control --- Helmholtz number --- plasma accelerator --- contraction analysis --- sliding control --- bifurcations in control parameter --- disturbance observer --- DC motor --- multiphysics --- virtual impedance --- pulverizing system --- ultrahigh voltage conversion ratio --- corrugated pipe --- DC-DC converters --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- dynamic model --- nonlinear dynamics --- new step-up converter --- micro-grid --- global stability --- extended back electromotive force (EEMF) --- small-signal model --- electromagnetic vibration --- nonlinear dynamic model --- excited modes --- data-driven --- rigid body rotation --- position sensorless --- prediction --- centralized vs. decentralized control --- inferential control --- boost-flyback converter --- calculation method --- switched reluctance generator --- monodromy matrix --- bridgeless converter --- decoupling control --- distributed architecture --- wave --- buck converter --- soft sensor --- model–plant mismatches --- whistling noise --- efficiency optimization --- steel catenary riser --- moving horizon estimation --- single artificial neuron (SAN) --- space mechanism --- two-stage bypass --- electrical machine --- harmonic suppression --- local vs. global optimization --- performance recovery --- reinforcement learning (RL) --- adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) --- overvoltage --- planetary gears --- maximum power point tracking --- DC-DC buck converter --- power quality --- average-current mode control --- feedback coefficient --- power factor correction (PFC) --- capacitance current --- predictive control --- rotor dynamics