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Acceptance or rejection of implanted biomaterials is strongly dependent on an appropriate bio-interface between the biomaterial and its surrounding tissue. Given the fact that most bulk materials only provide mechanical stability for the implant and may not interact with tissues and fluids in vivo, surface modification and engineering of biomaterials plays a significant role towards addressing major clinical unmet challenges. Increasing data showed that altering surface properties including physiochemical, topographical, and mechanical characteristics, is a promising approach to tackle these problems. Surface engineering of biomaterials could influence the subsequent tissue and cellular events such as protein adsorption, cellular recolonization, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and the inflammatory response. Moreover, it could be based on mimicking the complex cell structure and environment or hierarchical nature of the bone. In this case, the design of nano/micrometer patterns and morphologies with control over their properties has been receiving the attention of biomaterial scientists due to the promising results for the relevant biomedical applications. This Special Issue presents original research papers that report on the current state-of-the-art in surface engineering of biomaterials, particularly implants and biomedical devices.

Research & information: general --- surface modification --- micro-powder blasting --- aluminum anodization --- micro/nano-structure --- cell culture --- electrophoretic deposition --- enamel remineralization --- bioactive glass --- spectrophotometry --- nanoindentation --- rhBMP-2 --- rhPDGF-BB --- heparin --- implant surface --- osseointegration --- bone regeneration --- beagle dog --- diamond-like carbon --- frictional property --- hydrogen content --- sp2/sp3 ratio --- hydroxyapatite --- titanium implants --- mineralizing solution --- solution plasma treatment

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Plasma can be generated via the combination of energy-inducing fragmentation, ionization, and excitation of molecular. Such processes occur throughout the life of the plasma, resulting in a wide variety of atomic and molecular species, which can be electrically charged, energetically excited, highly reactive, or any combination of these states. Plasma diagnostics can demonstrate important discharge characteristics and the mechanisms of plasma-induced processes. Parameter’s dynamic range spans many orders of magnitude, and spatial/temporal scales significantly vary during plasma source configurations. Many diagnostic techniques have been developed to characterize plasma, including scattering techniques, intensified charge-coupled device cameras, laser-based methods, optical emission spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, etc. Although various mature diagnostic technologies for plasma discharges have been developed, there are still many challenges. The measurement precision is not only affected by the diagnostic equipment/ techniques, but also by the plasma discharge itself. In many applications, direct measurements of the parameters of interest are still not possible. In addition, the plasma environments in application processes are unusually complex, and their reactions are still not fully understood. Plasma can exist in a variety of forms due to discharge modes resulting from different means of creation, resulting in a wide range of applications. This brings together many research fields, including physics, engineering, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- gliding arc plasma --- discharge characteristics --- swirl flame --- static instability control --- non-thermal plasma --- plasma agriculture --- seed germination --- growth enhancement --- germination --- Mg deposition --- plasma treatment --- surface modification --- SparkJet actuator --- shock wave control --- supersonic flow --- schlieren images --- dynamic pressure measurement --- plasma chemical vapor deposition --- carbon nanoparticle --- coagulation --- optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma spray welding --- WC-Co coating --- Fe-based amorphous alloy --- microstructure and properties --- cold atmospheric plasma --- tiny plasma jet --- biomedical applications --- oblique detonation --- asymmetric --- nozzle --- reflection --- gliding arc plasma --- discharge characteristics --- swirl flame --- static instability control --- non-thermal plasma --- plasma agriculture --- seed germination --- growth enhancement --- germination --- Mg deposition --- plasma treatment --- surface modification --- SparkJet actuator --- shock wave control --- supersonic flow --- schlieren images --- dynamic pressure measurement --- plasma chemical vapor deposition --- carbon nanoparticle --- coagulation --- optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma spray welding --- WC-Co coating --- Fe-based amorphous alloy --- microstructure and properties --- cold atmospheric plasma --- tiny plasma jet --- biomedical applications --- oblique detonation --- asymmetric --- nozzle --- reflection

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Plasma can be generated via the combination of energy-inducing fragmentation, ionization, and excitation of molecular. Such processes occur throughout the life of the plasma, resulting in a wide variety of atomic and molecular species, which can be electrically charged, energetically excited, highly reactive, or any combination of these states. Plasma diagnostics can demonstrate important discharge characteristics and the mechanisms of plasma-induced processes. Parameter’s dynamic range spans many orders of magnitude, and spatial/temporal scales significantly vary during plasma source configurations. Many diagnostic techniques have been developed to characterize plasma, including scattering techniques, intensified charge-coupled device cameras, laser-based methods, optical emission spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, etc. Although various mature diagnostic technologies for plasma discharges have been developed, there are still many challenges. The measurement precision is not only affected by the diagnostic equipment/ techniques, but also by the plasma discharge itself. In many applications, direct measurements of the parameters of interest are still not possible. In addition, the plasma environments in application processes are unusually complex, and their reactions are still not fully understood. Plasma can exist in a variety of forms due to discharge modes resulting from different means of creation, resulting in a wide range of applications. This brings together many research fields, including physics, engineering, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

gliding arc plasma --- discharge characteristics --- swirl flame --- static instability control --- non-thermal plasma --- plasma agriculture --- seed germination --- growth enhancement --- germination --- Mg deposition --- plasma treatment --- surface modification --- SparkJet actuator --- shock wave control --- supersonic flow --- schlieren images --- dynamic pressure measurement --- plasma chemical vapor deposition --- carbon nanoparticle --- coagulation --- optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma spray welding --- WC-Co coating --- Fe-based amorphous alloy --- microstructure and properties --- cold atmospheric plasma --- tiny plasma jet --- biomedical applications --- oblique detonation --- asymmetric --- nozzle --- reflection --- n/a

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Biopolymers including natural (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, gums, natural rubbers, bacterial polymers), synthetic (e.g., aliphatic polyesters and polyphosphoester), and biocomposites are of paramount interest in regenerative medicine, due to their availability, processability, and low toxicity. Moreover, the structuration of biopolymer-based materials at the nano- and microscale along with their chemical properties are crucial in the engineering of advanced carriers for drug products. Finally, combination products including or based on biopolymers for controlled drug release offer a powerful solution to improve the tissue integration and biological response of these materials. Understanding the drug delivery mechanisms, efficiency, and toxicity of such systems may be useful for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical technology. The main aim of the Special Issue on “Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine” is to gather recent findings and current advances on biopolymer research for biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug delivery. Contributions to this issue can be as original research or review articles and may cover all aspects of biopolymer research, ranging from the chemical synthesis and characterization of modified biopolymers, their processing in different morphologies and hierarchical structures, as well as their assessment for biomedical uses.

Technology: general issues --- coating --- modification --- nanotechnology --- un-pigmented paints --- permeability --- pull-off --- artificial weathering --- coatings --- durability --- natural weathering --- oak wood --- wettability --- phenol --- carbohydrates --- beech --- birch --- spruce --- sessile oak --- wood --- surface modification --- esterification --- classic approaches --- modern approaches --- shelling --- western larch --- confocal profilometry --- profiling --- growth rings --- latewood --- earlywood --- pith-side-up --- bark-side-up --- spruce wood --- fungicides --- plasma --- UV-additives --- weathering --- adhesion --- caffeine --- TiO2 nanoparticles --- transparent coatings --- UV-resistance --- mould attack --- leaching --- micronized basic copper carbonate --- peroxide --- surface protection --- Norway spruce --- thermally treated wood --- DCSBD --- plasma treatment --- surface free energy

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This book focuses on recent advances in plasma technology and its application to metals, alloys, and related materials. Surface modifications, material syntheses, cutting and surface coatings are performed using low-pressure plasma or atmospheric-pressure plasma. The contributions of this book include the discussion of a wide scope of plasma technologies applied to materials. Plasma is a versatile tool that can be applied in many types of material processing. New material processing applications of plasmas and new plasma technologies are being developed rapidly. We hope that this book can contribute new knowledge to the plasma material research society.

cathodic plasma electrolysis deposition --- Al2O3 coating --- oxidation --- solution surface tension --- nitrogen plasma --- Ga droplet --- GaN nanodot --- transmission electron microscopy --- wurtzite --- Zinc-blende --- plasma cutting --- cut heat affected zone --- mini-tensile test --- steel plate --- residual stress --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- platinum --- tin oxide --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- chloroplatinic acid --- tin chloride --- self-lubricating --- composite coating --- titanium --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) --- plasma nitriding --- atmospheric-pressure plasma --- nitrogen dose amount --- hydrogen fraction --- void --- Ti6Al4V lattice structure --- Ag-doped TiO2 anatase --- spark plasma sintering --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- antibacterial and photoactivity applications --- aluminum --- surface --- plasma --- nitrogen --- postdischarge --- atmospheric pressure --- wettability --- organic-inorganic halide perovskite --- air plasma --- plasma treatment --- optoelectronic properties --- morphology --- n/a