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11.60 Christian doctrine: general. --- Christianity. --- Polemic.

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This volume engages with antisemitic stereotypes as religious symbols that express and transmit a belief system of Jew-hatred. These religious symbols are stored in Christian, Muslim and even today’s secular cultural and religious memories. This volume explores how antisemitic religious symbol systems can play a key role in the construction of group identities.

HISTORY / Jewish. --- Traditions of antisemitism --- anti-jewish polemic --- european antisemitism --- political anti-zionism

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What does humanism mean, who is a humanist? Contemporaries clarified this not least through diatribes. Intellectuals who, since the middle of the fourteenth century, have regarded rhetoric as the most noble method of promoting virtue, searching for truth and knowledge of God, saw mutual personal degradation as the means of asserting their positions. Was bedeutet Humanismus, wer gehört zu den Humanisten? Von den Zeitgenossen wurde das nicht zuletzt durch Invektiven geklärt. Intellektuelle, die seit Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts Rhetorik als vornehmste Methode der Tugendförderung, Wahrheitssuche und Gotteserkenntnis betrachteten, sahen gerade in gegenseitigen persönliche Herabsetzungen das Mittel zur Durchsetzung ihrer Positionen.Bei einer interdisziplinären Zusammenschau werden Konjunkturen und Diffusionsformen der Invektiven deutlich. Welche Bedeutung kam dabei den kulturellen Milieus dies- und jenseits der Alpen zu, welche Rolle spielten wettbewerbliche Momente, wie wurden die frühen reformatorischen Auseinandersetzungen davon beeinflusst?

Literary studies: general --- Humanism, Polemic, Agonality, Italy, Germany, Humanismus, Polemik, Agonalität, Italien, Deutschland

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R. Saadia Gaon (882-942) was unquestionably one of the most important if not the most important medieval Jewish thinker. He dealt with biblical exegesis, philosophy, grammar, poetry, prayer, and Halakha, and in many of these fields he is considered an innovator and a trailblazer, paving new paths for his followers. Many of the sages who lived after him cited from his writings. He served as head of the Academy of Sūra, Babylon, but the impact of his works was felt in all generations who lived and followed. This study seeks to describe and analyze R. Saadia Gaon's life, his public enterprise, his works, and his influence on the generations after him.

Babylon. --- Bible exegesis. --- Jewish culture. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish-Moslem polemic. --- Middle Ages. --- Philosophy. --- R. Saadia Gaon.

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This is the first translation into English of Marsilio Ficino’s De Christiana religione, a text first written in Latin in 1474, the year after its author’s ordination in the Roman Catholic Church. On the Christian Religion is this Florentine humanist’s attempt to lay out the history of the religion of Christ, the Logos ("Word" or "Reason"), in accordance with the doctrines of ancient philosophy. The work –focuses on how Christ in his pre-incarnate form was revealed as much to certain ancient pagan sages and prophets as to those of the Old Testament, and how both groups played an equal role in foreshadowing the ultimate fulfilment of all the world’s religions in Christianity. The first part elucidates the history of the prisca theologia – the ancient theology – a single natural religion shared by the likes of Zoroaster, Hermes Trismegistus, Orpheus, Aglaophemus, Pythagoras, and Plato, and how it was fulfilled by Christ’s Incarnation and the spread of his Church through his apostles. The second part of the work, however, constitutes a series of attacks against the ways in which the books of the Old Testament were variously interpreted by Islamic and, more importantly, Jewish sages who threatened Ficino’s own Christological interpretations of Scripture. This new English translation includes an introduction that situates the text within the broader scope of Ficino’s intellectual activity and historical context. The book allows us to encounter a more nuanced image of Ficino, that of him as a theologian, historian, and anti-Jewish, anti-Islamic, anti-pagan polemicist.

Apologetics --- Christian platonism. --- Christian polemic. --- De Christiania religione. --- Florence. --- Guido Bartolucci. --- Marsilio Ficino. --- Renaissance. --- antisemitism. --- neoplatonism. --- philosophy. --- prisca theologia. --- prophecy. --- theology.