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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

breastfeeding --- human milk --- donor human milk --- human milk banks --- preterm infant feeding --- human milk fortification

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Paediatric medicine --- breastfeeding --- human milk --- donor human milk --- human milk banks --- preterm infant feeding --- human milk fortification

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Diagnostic Imaging. --- Infant, Premature. --- Infant, Premature, Diseases --- Infants (Premature) --- -Pediatric diagnostic imaging --- Children --- Diagnostic imaging --- Birth, Premature --- Preemies --- Preterm infants --- Newborn infants --- Birth weight, Low --- Premature labor --- Neonatal Prematurity --- Premature Infants --- Preterm Infants --- Infant, Preterm --- Infants, Premature --- Infants, Preterm --- Premature Infant --- Prematurity, Neonatal --- Preterm Infant --- Gestational Age --- Obstetric Labor, Premature --- Premature Birth --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Imaging, Medical --- Medical Imaging --- Radiologic and Imaging Nursing --- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted --- diagnosis. --- Diseases --- -Diagnosis --- Diagnosis --- Pediatric diagnostic imaging. --- Premature infants --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Diagnosis. --- in infancy & childhood. --- Pediatric diagnostic imaging --- Infant, Premature --- Diseases&delete& --- diagnosis

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The book covers all aspects of anesthesia in newborns, neonates (under 28 days) and premature babies. These patients are highly vulnerable, very small in size and weight, at very high risk, and have high mortality and morbidity, which gets further aggravated by the medical diseases and congenital abnormalities these babies may suffer from. The book provides knowledge that equips the anesthetists with the regional techniques used to provide both anesthesia and analgesia, including information about the drugs used, skills in providing neuraxial blocks, nerve blocks, etc., complications thereof and the specially designed equipment for these patients (IV cannula, endotracheal tubes, ryles tubes, laryngoscopes, SpO2 probes, monitors, incubators, warmers and heaters, mattresses, OT tables). The book covers the pharmacology of drugs used, the effect of anesthetic drugs on the developing brain, pulmonary physiology, airway assessment and management, ventilation modes, getting IV and arterial access, preoperative workup, anesthetic management, and postoperative care. It includes care and concerns from both surgical and anesthesia aspects. It covers all the common surgical diseases along with some rare cases such as oncological concerns, palliative care, ethical concerns and pain management. The book also discusses the role and use of ultrasound. The chapter on anesthesia for short procedures includes common birth and neonatal care injuries. The book contains chapters on fluid therapy, blood and blood product transfusion guidelines and indications, resuscitation of a newborn and neonate, and neonatal rehabilitation to improve neonatal outcomes. It contains a dedicated chapter on why these babies are at a high risk of morbidity and mortality and contributing maternal factors. All the chapters are written by experts in their fields with vast experience. This book bridges the gap in the knowledge of an anesthesiologist between anesthesia for children and adults and newborns, neonates and preterm babies.

Anesthesiology. --- Anaesthesiology --- Surgery --- Neonatal anesthesia. --- Anesthesia in obstetrics. --- Newborn infants --- Newborn infants. --- Premature infants. --- Anesthesia --- Anesthetics --- Infant, Newborn --- Infant, Premature --- Anesthesia, Obstetrical --- Hospital care. --- methods --- administration & dosage --- Hospital care --- Hospitals --- Anesthetics in obstetrics --- Obstetric anesthesia --- Obstetrics --- Neonatology --- Pediatric anesthesia --- Anesthesia, Gynecological --- Anesthesia, Obstetric --- Gynecologic Anesthesia --- Paracervical Block --- Anesthesia, Gynecologic --- Block, Paracervical --- Blocks, Paracervical --- Gynecological Anesthesia --- Obstetric Anesthesia --- Obstetrical Anesthesia --- Paracervical Blocks --- Neonatal Prematurity --- Premature Infants --- Preterm Infants --- Infant, Preterm --- Infants, Premature --- Infants, Preterm --- Premature Infant --- Prematurity, Neonatal --- Preterm Infant --- Gestational Age --- Obstetric Labor, Premature --- Premature Birth --- Newborns --- Neonate --- Infants, Newborn --- Neonates --- Newborn --- Newborn Infant --- Newborn Infants --- Birth, Premature --- Infants (Premature) --- Preemies --- Preterm infants --- Birth weight, Low --- Infants (Newborn) --- Newborns (Infants) --- Infants --- Nurseries

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Preterm delivery (PTD; < 37 weeks’ gestation) complicates 5%–13% of deliveries worldwide, depending on the geographical and demographical characteristics of the population tested. It is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as maternal morbidity. In fact, prematurity has both short- and long-term consequences for affected offspring and can leave these individuals with lifelong disabilities, even after the available interventions are attempted. While various risk factors for preterm birth are well-recognized, the etiology for preterm birth is multifactorial. Preterm parturition is a syndrome resulting from the premature activation of the common pathway of parturition, including an increased myometrial contractility; cervical ripening/dilatation and effacement; and membrane/decidual activation. Because the prevalence of preterm birth is so high, it is thought to put more financial, medical, and emotional stress on affected communities than any other perinatal issue. In past years, most of the research interest resulted in the prevention of preterm birth in order to alleviate the complications of prematurity. However, recent evidence suggests that the effect of preterm birth goes beyond the impact on the future health of both the mother and her offspring as well as the specific delivery in which preterm delivery has occurred. This book focuses on the risk factors, perinatal outcomes, and long-term consequences of this critical problem.

Medicine --- high-risk pregnancy --- shortened cervix --- microbiome --- Lactobacillus --- perinatal mortality --- preeclampsia --- pregnancy complications --- preterm birth --- preterm delivery --- small for gestational age --- extreme preterm birth --- placental abruption --- prematurity --- neurological --- pediatric --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- neurologic morbidity --- offspring --- preterm labor --- high-risk patients --- ultrasound --- elastography --- metalloproteinases --- MMP-8 --- MMP-9 --- risk factors --- prevention --- 17-OHPC --- micronized progesterone --- perinatal outcomes --- recommendations --- antenatal corticosteroids --- betamethasone --- preterm infant --- mortality --- respiratory distress syndrome --- gestational age --- threshold --- respiratory morbidity --- pediatric hospitalization --- Apgar score --- neurological morbidities --- long-term follow-up --- population-based study --- retrospective cohort --- ophthalmic morbidities --- retinopathy of prematurity --- n/a