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Quaternions --- Àlgebra universal --- Cinemàtica --- Corbes --- Superfícies (Matemàtica) --- Anàlisi vectorial --- Nombres complexos --- Functions, Quaternion. --- Quaternion functions --- Functions of complex variables

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This open access textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic theory of quaternion algebras and orders, a subject with applications in diverse areas of mathematics. Written to be accessible and approachable to the graduate student reader, this text collects and synthesizes results from across the literature. Numerous pathways offer explorations in many different directions, while the unified treatment makes this book an essential reference for students and researchers alike. Divided into five parts, the book begins with a basic introduction to the noncommutative algebra underlying the theory of quaternion algebras over fields, including the relationship to quadratic forms. An in-depth exploration of the arithmetic of quaternion algebras and orders follows. The third part considers analytic aspects, starting with zeta functions and then passing to an idelic approach, offering a pathway from local to global that includes strong approximation. Applications of unit groups of quaternion orders to hyperbolic geometry and low-dimensional topology follow, relating geometric and topological properties to arithmetic invariants. Arithmetic geometry completes the volume, including quaternionic aspects of modular forms, supersingular elliptic curves, and the moduli of QM abelian surfaces. Quaternion Algebras encompasses a vast wealth of knowledge at the intersection of many fields. Graduate students interested in algebra, geometry, and number theory will appreciate the many avenues and connections to be explored. Instructors will find numerous options for constructing introductory and advanced courses, while researchers will value the all-embracing treatment. Readers are assumed to have some familiarity with algebraic number theory and commutative algebra, as well as the fundamentals of linear algebra, topology, and complex analysis. More advanced topics call upon additional background, as noted, though essential concepts and motivation are recapped throughout.

Algebra --- Groups & group theory --- Number theory --- Associative Rings and Algebras --- Group Theory and Generalizations --- Number Theory --- Open Access --- Quaternions --- Quaternion algebras --- Quaternion orders --- Quaternion ideals --- Noncommutative algebra --- Quaternions and quadratic forms --- Ternary quadratic forms --- Simple algebras and involutions --- Lattices and integral quadratic forms --- Hurwitz order --- Quaternion algebras over local fields --- Quaternion algebras over global fields --- Adelic framework --- Idelic zeta functions --- Quaternions hyperbolic geometry --- Quaternions arithmetic groups --- Quaternions arithmetic geometry --- Supersingular elliptic curves --- Abelian surfaces with QM

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Quaternions are a number system that has become increasingly useful for representing the rotations of objects in three-dimensional space and has important applications in theoretical and applied mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. This is the first book to provide a systematic, accessible, and self-contained exposition of quaternion linear algebra. It features previously unpublished research results with complete proofs and many open problems at various levels, as well as more than 200 exercises to facilitate use by students and instructors. Applications presented in the book include numerical ranges, invariant semidefinite subspaces, differential equations with symmetries, and matrix equations. Designed for researchers and students across a variety of disciplines, the book can be read by anyone with a background in linear algebra, rudimentary complex analysis, and some multivariable calculus. Instructors will find it useful as a complementary text for undergraduate linear algebra courses or as a basis for a graduate course in linear algebra. The open problems can serve as research projects for undergraduates, topics for graduate students, or problems to be tackled by professional research mathematicians. The book is also an invaluable reference tool for researchers in fields where techniques based on quaternion analysis are used.

Algebras, Linear --- Quaternions --- Algebra, Universal --- Algebraic fields --- Curves --- Surfaces --- Numbers, Complex --- Vector analysis --- Linear algebra --- Generalized spaces --- Mathematical analysis --- Calculus of operations --- Line geometry --- Topology --- Cholesky factorization. --- Hamiltonian matrices. --- Jordan canonical form. --- Jordan form. --- Kronecker canonical form. --- Kronecker form. --- Kronecker forms. --- Schur triangularization theorem. --- Smith form. --- Sylvester equation. --- algebraic Riccati equations. --- antiautomorphisms. --- automorphisms. --- bilateral quadratic equations. --- boundedness. --- canonical forms. --- complex hermitian matrices. --- complex matric pencils. --- complex matrices. --- complex matrix polynomials. --- congruence. --- conjugation. --- conventions. --- determinants. --- diagonal form. --- diagonalizability. --- differential equations. --- dissipative matrices. --- eigenvalues. --- eigenvectors. --- equivalence. --- expansive matrices. --- hermitian inner product. --- hermitian matrices. --- hermitian matrix pencils. --- hermitian pencils. --- indefinite inner products. --- inertia theorems. --- invariant Langragian subspaces. --- invariant Langrangian subspaces. --- invariant neutral subspaces. --- invariant semidefinite subspaces. --- invariant subspaces. --- involutions. --- linear quadratic regulators. --- matrix algebra. --- matrix decompositions. --- matrix equations. --- matrix pencils. --- matrix polynomials. --- maximal invariant semidefinite subspaces. --- metric space. --- mixed matrix pencils. --- mixed pencils. --- mixed quaternion matrix pencils. --- neutral subspaces. --- nondegenerate. --- nonstandard involution. --- nonstandard involutions. --- nonuniqueness. --- notations. --- numerical cones. --- numerical ranges. --- pencils. --- polynomial matrix equations. --- quadratic maps. --- quaternion algebra. --- quaternion coefficients. --- quaternion linear algebra. --- quaternion matrices. --- quaternion matrix pencils. --- quaternion subspaces. --- quaternions. --- real linear transformations. --- real matrices. --- real matrix pencils. --- real matrix polynomials. --- real symmetric matrices. --- root subspaces. --- scalar quaternions. --- semidefinite subspaces. --- skew-Hamiltonian matrices. --- skewhermitian inner product. --- skewhermitian matrices. --- skewhermitian pencils. --- skewsymmetric matrices. --- square-size quaternion matrices. --- standard matrices. --- symmetric matrices. --- symmetries. --- symmetry properties. --- unitary matrices. --- vector spaces.

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Ever since the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton introduced quaternions in the nineteenth century--a feat he celebrated by carving the founding equations into a stone bridge--mathematicians and engineers have been fascinated by these mathematical objects. Today, they are used in applications as various as describing the geometry of spacetime, guiding the Space Shuttle, and developing computer applications in virtual reality. In this book, J. B. Kuipers introduces quaternions for scientists and engineers who have not encountered them before and shows how they can be used in a variety of practical situations. The book is primarily an exposition of the quaternion, a 4-tuple, and its primary application in a rotation operator. But Kuipers also presents the more conventional and familiar 3 x 3 (9-element) matrix rotation operator. These parallel presentations allow the reader to judge which approaches are preferable for specific applications. The volume is divided into three main parts. The opening chapters present introductory material and establish the book's terminology and notation. The next part presents the mathematical properties of quaternions, including quaternion algebra and geometry. It includes more advanced special topics in spherical trigonometry, along with an introduction to quaternion calculus and perturbation theory, required in many situations involving dynamics and kinematics. In the final section, Kuipers discusses state-of-the-art applications. He presents a six degree-of-freedom electromagnetic position and orientation transducer and concludes by discussing the computer graphics necessary for the development of applications in virtual reality.

Quaternions. --- Euler angle. --- aircraft. --- algorithm. --- angles. --- complex numbers. --- coordinate frame. --- coupling. --- direction cosine. --- electromagnetic. --- factor. --- geometry. --- great-circle. --- homogeneous coordinates. --- identity. --- incremental rotation. --- inverse. --- matrix. --- number. --- orientation. --- perspective. --- phase plane. --- projection. --- quaternion. --- rotation. --- seasons. --- spherical. --- trace of a matrix. --- virtual reality.

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The work aims at bringing together international leading specialists in the field of Quaternionic and Clifford Analysis, as well as young researchers interested in the subject, with the idea of presenting and discussing recent results, analyzing new trends and techniques in the area and, in general, of promoting scientific collaboration. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of different notions of regularity for functions of hypercomplex variables, and to the study of the main features of the theories that they originate.

Algebraic functions. --- Functions of complex variables. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Functions, Quaternion --- Functions of complex variables --- Clifford algebras --- Quaternions --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Calculus --- Mathematical Theory --- Quaternions. --- Algebraic fields. --- Algebraic number fields --- Algebraic numbers --- Fields, Algebraic --- Mathematics. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Mathematics, general. --- Analysis. --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebraic number theory --- Rings (Algebra) --- Algebra, Universal --- Algebraic fields --- Curves --- Surfaces --- Numbers, Complex --- Vector analysis --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Math --- Science --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis