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Probably, the most well-documented, and at the same time, simple conceptual method for predicting runoff depth from rainfall depth is the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in the SCS-CN methodology, including, but not limited to, novel applications, theoretical and conceptual studies broadening the current understanding, studies extending the method’s application in other geographical regions or other scientific fields, substantial evaluation studies, and ultimately, key advancements towards addressing the key remaining challenges, such as: improving the SCS-CN method runoff predictions without sacrificing its current level of simplicity; moving towards a unique generally accepted procedure for CN determination from rainfall-runoff data; improving the initial abstraction estimation; investigating the integration of SCS-CN method in long-term continuous hydrological models and the implementation of various soil moisture accounting systems; extending and adopting the existing CNs documentation in a broader range of regions, land uses and climatic conditions; and utilizing novel modeling, geoinformation systems, and remote sensing techniques to improve the performance and the efficiency of the method.

Research & information: general --- SCS --- initial abstraction ratio --- curve number --- bootstrap --- rainfall–runoff model --- Curve Number --- direct runoff --- SCS-CN method --- small catchment --- storm duration --- soil moisture --- slope --- Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method --- runoff prediction --- runoff --- SCS-CN --- NRCS-CN --- earth observation --- LUCC --- wildfire --- urbanization --- design hydrograph --- EBA4SUB --- mountainous catchments --- rainfall-runoff models --- ungauged catchments --- initial abstraction coefficient --- slope-adjusted curve number --- rainfall --- precise runoff --- model accuracy --- HEC-HMS --- rainfall-runoff modelling --- SCS–CN method --- Jeju Island --- initial abstraction --- maximum potential retention --- antecedent moisture condition --- n/a --- rainfall-runoff model

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Geo-spatial analysis has become an essential component of hydrological studies to process and examine geo-spatial data such as hydrological variables (e.g., precipitation and discharge) and basin characteristics (e.g., DEM and land use land cover). The advancement of the data acquisition technique helps accumulate geo-spatial data with more extensive spatial coverage than traditional in-situ observations. The development of geo-spatial analytic methods is beneficial for the processing and analysis of multi-source data in a more efficient and reliable way for a variety of research and practical issues in hydrology. This book is a collection of the articles of a published Special Issue Geo-Spatial Analysis in Hydrology in the journal ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. The topics of the articles range from the improvement of geo-spatial analytic methods to the applications of geo-spatial analysis in emerging hydrological issues. The results of these articles show that traditional hydrological/hydraulic models coupled with geo-spatial techniques are a way to make streamflow simulations more efficient and reliable for flood-related decision making. Geo-spatial analysis based on more advanced methods and data is a reliable resolution to obtain high-resolution information for hydrological studies at fine spatial scale.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- Canadian Hydrographic Service --- Satellite-Derived Bathymetry --- empirical --- classification --- photogrammetry --- level of confidence --- spatio-temporal GIS --- hydrodynamic model --- spatio-temporal computation framework --- flood risk --- 3D simulation --- watershed division --- Sentinel-2A --- Google Earth Engine (GEE) --- Taihu Basin --- hydrology --- plains area --- RapidEye --- water quality --- red edge --- remote sensing --- flash flood --- PCSWMM --- curve number --- rainfall-runoff model --- HEC-RAS --- Pakistan --- crop water requirement --- reflectance-based crop coefficients --- normalized difference vegetation index --- evapotranspiration --- geo-spatial analysis --- scaling issue --- basin characteristic extraction --- hydrological modelling

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Geo-spatial analysis has become an essential component of hydrological studies to process and examine geo-spatial data such as hydrological variables (e.g., precipitation and discharge) and basin characteristics (e.g., DEM and land use land cover). The advancement of the data acquisition technique helps accumulate geo-spatial data with more extensive spatial coverage than traditional in-situ observations. The development of geo-spatial analytic methods is beneficial for the processing and analysis of multi-source data in a more efficient and reliable way for a variety of research and practical issues in hydrology. This book is a collection of the articles of a published Special Issue Geo-Spatial Analysis in Hydrology in the journal ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. The topics of the articles range from the improvement of geo-spatial analytic methods to the applications of geo-spatial analysis in emerging hydrological issues. The results of these articles show that traditional hydrological/hydraulic models coupled with geo-spatial techniques are a way to make streamflow simulations more efficient and reliable for flood-related decision making. Geo-spatial analysis based on more advanced methods and data is a reliable resolution to obtain high-resolution information for hydrological studies at fine spatial scale.

Canadian Hydrographic Service --- Satellite-Derived Bathymetry --- empirical --- classification --- photogrammetry --- level of confidence --- spatio-temporal GIS --- hydrodynamic model --- spatio-temporal computation framework --- flood risk --- 3D simulation --- watershed division --- Sentinel-2A --- Google Earth Engine (GEE) --- Taihu Basin --- hydrology --- plains area --- RapidEye --- water quality --- red edge --- remote sensing --- flash flood --- PCSWMM --- curve number --- rainfall-runoff model --- HEC-RAS --- Pakistan --- crop water requirement --- reflectance-based crop coefficients --- normalized difference vegetation index --- evapotranspiration --- geo-spatial analysis --- scaling issue --- basin characteristic extraction --- hydrological modelling

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This book is a collection of 12 papers describing the role of hydrology in water resources management. The papers can be divided s according to their area of focus as 1) modeling of hydrological processes, 2) use of modern techniques in hydrological analysis, 3) impact of human pressure and climate change on water resources, and 4) hydrometeorological extremes. Belonging to the first area is the presentation of a new Muskingum flood routing model, a new tool to perform frequency analysis of maximum precipitation of a specified duration via the so-named PMAXΤP model (Precipitation MAXimum Time (duration) Probability), modeling of interception processes, and using a rainfall-runoff GR2M model to calculate monthly runoff. For the second area, the groundwater potential was evaluated using a model of multi-influencing factors in which the parameters were optimized by using geoprocessing tools in geographical information system (GIS) in combination with satellite altimeter data and the reanalysis of hydrological data to simulate overflow transport using the Nordic Sea as an example. Presented for the third area are a water balance model for the comparison of water resources with the needs of water users, the idea of adaptive water management, impacts of climate change, and anthropogenic activities on the runoff in catchment located in the western Himalayas of Pakistan. The last area includes spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall variability with regard to drought hazard and use of the copula function to meteorologically analyze drought.

Research & information: general --- GR2M --- inverse distance weighting --- rainfall-runoff model --- sensitivity analysis --- multi-influencing factors (MIF) --- vertical electrical sounding (VES) --- electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) --- groundwater resource management (GRM) --- hydro-stratigraphy --- well logs --- precipitation --- climate change --- Sen’s estimator --- Mann-Kendall --- Wadi Cheliff basin --- upper Minjiang River --- marginal distribution --- copula --- bivariate joint distribution --- return period --- rainfall partitioning --- dry tropical forest --- gash model --- interception modelling --- Nordic Sea --- overflow flux --- barotropic pressure --- baroclinic pressure --- annual maximum precipitation --- peaks-over-threshold methods --- statistical analysis --- maximum precipitation frequency analysis --- gamma --- Weibull --- log-gamma --- log-normal --- Gumbel distributions --- nonparametric tests --- drought --- trends --- SPI --- mina basin --- Algeria --- Kunhar River Basin --- streamflow --- trend analysis --- Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) --- anthropogenic impacts --- hydrologic flood routing --- Muskingum flood routing model --- meta-heuristic optimization --- self-adaptive vision correction algorithm --- Adaptive Water Management --- stakeholder engagement --- legislation --- survey --- uncertainty in water management --- water requirements of aquatic and water dependent ecosystems --- water resources allocation --- water balance model

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The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- fractional order IMC --- first order plus dead-time processes --- event-based implementation --- numerical simulations --- comparative closed loop results --- nonlinear wave phenomen --- RBF --- local RBF-FD --- stability --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- quaternion-based estimator --- low-cost design --- automatic optical inspection --- kinetic theory --- parallel robots --- robust control --- sliding mode control --- basinI --- basinII --- mean pressure head --- pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence --- standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations --- statistical modeling --- USBR --- desalination --- humidification-dehumidification --- waste heat recovery --- mathematical model --- yearly analysis --- thermo-economics --- multi-objective optimization --- cruise altitude --- fuel consumption --- time to climb --- Hermite-Simpson method --- trajectory optimization --- terminal residual analysis (TRA) --- m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) --- power transformer --- stray losses --- analytical methods --- finite element method --- gridshell structures --- shape ratio --- length ratio --- regularity --- particle swarm optimization --- genetic algorithm --- hybrid nanofluid --- dual solutions --- mixed convection --- stagnation point --- radiation --- stability analysis --- machine learning --- eXterme Gradient Boosting --- Computation Fluid Dynamics --- blade vibration --- unsteady aerodynamic model --- active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) --- multiobjective optimization --- time delay systems --- tuning rules --- soft robotics --- fractional calculus --- CACSD toolbox --- operating point linearization --- automatic uncertainty bound computation --- Model-in-the-Loop simulation --- hybrid simulation --- ℋ∞ control --- μ synthesis --- DC-to-DC power converters --- buck --- boost --- SEPIC --- rainfall-runoff model --- curve number --- inferential statistics --- 3D runoff difference model --- model calibration --- PAT model --- modified affinity laws --- hydraulic simulation tool --- μ-synthesis --- fractional-order control --- swarm optimization --- artificial bee colony optimization --- CNC machine --- mixed sensitivity --- D–K iteration --- Linear Matrix Inequality --- biotechnology --- fermentation process --- batch bioreactors --- modeling --- control system design and synthesis --- linear control --- adaptive control --- model reference adaptive control --- control system realization --- mixed-sensitivity --- FO-PID --- twin rotor aerodynamic system