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Est-il moralement acceptable de transmettre aux générations futures des déchets nucléaires ou une biodiversité réduite à une peau de chagrin ? Les personnes futures sauraient-elles être titulaires de droits alors qu'elles n'existent pas ? Est-il juste de revoir à la baisse le montant des retraites pour lesquelles des pensionnés ont cotisé toute leur vie ou de transférer aux générations à venir une dette publique considérable ? Chacune de ces questions a trait à différents domaines de notre existence. Pourtant, un fil rouge les relie : celui de la justice entre les générations. Brûlantes d'actualité, ces interrogations se voient bien souvent offrir pour seule réponse le dénuement relatif de nos théories. Ainsi, des concepts comme ceux de " droit acquis " en matière de pensions ou de " développement durable " ne sauraient faire office d'arguments s'ils ne s'appuient pas sur un solide arrière-fond théorique issu de la philosophie morale et politique. Car l'économie publique ou la biologie des populations ne peuvent suffire à aiguiller les citoyens et leurs représentants sur les choix qui leur incombent en matière intergénérationnelle. La philosophie a aussi son rôle à jouer, à la condition qu'elle ait la modestie d'être à l'écoute d'autres disciplines, l'exigence d'articuler clairement ses présupposés, et le courage de se frotter à la pratique.

vieillissement --- pension --- securite sociale --- redistribution des revenus --- france --- vergrijzing --- pensioen --- sociale zekerheid --- inkomensherverdeling --- frankrijk --- Justice --- Social ethics --- Generations --- Justice (Philosophy)

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Income distribution --- capitalisme --- developpement economique --- redistribution des revenus --- revenus professionnels --- 330.564 --- 330.564 Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- kapitalisme --- economische ontwikkeling --- inkomensherverdeling --- bedrijfsinkomsten --- Income

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Income --- Netherlands --- nationaal inkomen --- redistribution des revenus --- nederland --- 330.56 --- 351.713 <492> --- 330.564 --- #SBIB:316.8H15 --- #ECO:01.06:economie fiscaliteit belastingen --- 339.2 --- revenu national --- inkomensherverdeling --- pays bas --- Nationaal inkomen. Volksinkomen. Gezinsinkomen. Vermogensstratificatie. Particuliere inkomens en bestedingen. Armoede. Honger --- Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2}--Nederland --- Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: sociale ongelijkheid en armoede --- goederenbezit, verdeling van - inkomensverdeling - verdelingspolitiek - bezitsspreiding - bestaansminimum - leefloon (zie ook 331.26) --- #A9512E --- 330.564 Verdeling van nationaal inkomen. Inkomensverdeling --- 351.713 <492> Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2}--Nederland --- 330.56 Nationaal inkomen. Volksinkomen. Gezinsinkomen. Vermogensstratificatie. Particuliere inkomens en bestedingen. Armoede. Honger --- goederenbezit, verdeling van - inkomensverdeling - verdelingspolitiek - bezitsspreiding - bestaansminimum - leefloon

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As public expenditures on health, education and transfer programmes increase, demographic change has a growing impact on public expenditures, and the incentives for behaviour created by public transfer programs increase as well. The essays in this volume discuss such topics as: demographic change and the outlook for Social Security and Medicare in the United States; long-term decision making under uncertainty; the effect of changing family structure on government spending; how the structure of public retirement policies has encouraged early retirement in some countries and not others; the response of local community spending to demographic change; and related topics. Contributors include many of the world's leading public finance economists and economic demographers.

politique fiscale --- demographie --- politique sociale --- securite sociale --- depenses publiques --- redistribution des revenus --- eua --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.61 --- 311.80 --- 336.020 --- 368.40 --- 311.94 --- NBB congres --- 314 --- 336.2 --- Population --- -Population forecasting --- -Fiscal policy --- -Transfer payments --- -339.52 --- Government transfer payments --- Payments, Transfer --- Expenditures, Public --- Income distribution --- National income --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Forecasting, Population --- Population projection --- Population projections --- Projection, Population --- Projections, Population --- Social prediction --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- fiscaal beleid --- demografie --- sociale politiek --- sociale zekerheid --- overheidsuitgaven --- inkomensherverdeling --- vsa --- Financieel beleid. --- Loop van de bevolking: algemeenheden. --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Demografie. Bevolkingsleer --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Economic aspects --- -Accounting --- Government policy --- Forecasting --- Fiscal policy --- Population forecasting --- Transfer payments --- -politique fiscale --- 314 Demografie. Bevolkingsleer --- -Government policy --- 339.52 --- Loop van de bevolking: algemeenheden --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden --- Financieel beleid --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Accounting --- Business, Economy and Management

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Inequality is a charged topic. Measures of income inequality rose in the USA in the 1990s to levels not seen since 1929 and gave rise to a suspicion, not for the first time, of a link between radical inequality and financial instability with a resulting crisis under capitalism. Professional macroeconomists have generally taken little interest in inequality because, within the parameters of traditional economic theory, the economy will stabilize itself at full employment. In addition, enlightened economists could enact stabilizing measures to manage any imbalances. The dominant voices among academic economists were unable to interpret the causal forces at work during both the Great Depression and the recent global financial crisis. In Inequality and Instability, James K. Galbraith argues that since there has been no serious work done on the macroeconomic effects of inequality, new sources of evidence are required. Galbraith offers for the first time a vast expansion of the capacity to calculate measures of inequality both at lower and higher levels of aggregation. Instead of measuring inequality as traditionally done, by country, Galbraith insists that to understand real differences that have real effects, inequality must be examined through both smaller and larger administrative units, like sub-national levels within and between states and provinces, multinational continental economies, and the world. He points out that inequality could be captured by measures across administrative boundaries to capture data on more specific groups to which people belong. For example, in China, economic inequality reflects the difference in average income levels between city and countryside, or between coastal regions and the interior, and a simple ratio averages would be an indicator of trends in inequality over the country as a whole. In a comprehensive presentation of this new method of using data, Inequality and Instability offers an unequaled look at the US economy and various global economies that was not accessible to us before. This provides a more sophisticated and a more accurate picture of inequality around the world, and how inequality is one of the most basic sources of economic instability.

Income distribution --- Economic policy --- Globalization --- Power (Social sciences) --- Economic development --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Social aspects --- Research --- Income distribution. --- -Power (Social sciences) --- -Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- crise financiere --- redistribution des revenus --- armoede --- AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- CN / China - Chine --- BR / Brazil - Brazilië - Brésil --- CU / Cuba --- 339.21 --- 339.230 --- 339.325.1 --- 313 --- 331.31 --- 332.20 --- 202 --- 174 --- 339.2 --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Financial crises --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- financiele crisis --- inkomensherverdeling --- pauvrete --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Particuliere inkomens: algemeenheden. --- Evolutie van de consumptie. Budget van de huishoudens. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Economisch beleid. --- Bezoldiging van de arbeid: algemeenheden. --- Sociale organisatie. --- Verband tussen de ethiek en de economie. Ethiek en bedrijf. --- -Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Particuliere inkomens: algemeenheden --- Evolutie van de consumptie. Budget van de huishoudens --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Economisch beleid --- Bezoldiging van de arbeid: algemeenheden --- Sociale organisatie --- Verband tussen de ethiek en de economie. Ethiek en bedrijf --- Globalization - Social aspects --- Economic development - Research