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The aim of the book is to give an actual survey on the resistivity of thin metal and semiconductor films interacting with gases. We discuss the influence of the substrate material and the annealing treatment of the films, presenting our experimental data as well as theoretical models to calculate the scattering cross section of the conduction electrons in the frame-work of the scattering hypothesis. Main emphasis is laid on the comparison of gold and silver films which exhibit nearly the same lattice structure but differ in their chemical activity. In conclusion, the most important quantity for the interpretation is the surface charging z while the correlation with the optical data or the frustrated IR vibrations seems the show a more material-specific character. Z can be calculated on the basis of the density functional formalism or the self-consistent field approximation using Mulliken’s population analysis.

Metallic films --- Electric resistance --- Electric properties. --- Measurement. --- Electric resistance -- Measurement. --- Metallic films -- Electric properties. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Physics - General --- Electric properties --- Measurement --- Resistance, Electric --- Physics. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Impedance (Electricity) --- Photoelectricity --- Reactance (Electricity)

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a key part of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, have become increasingly important in recent years, owing to their potential impact on building a more sustainable future. Compared with other batteries developed, LIBs offer high energy density, high discharge power, and a long service life. These characteristics have facilitated a remarkable advance of LIBs in many frontiers, including electric vehicles, portable and flexible electronics, and stationary applications. Since the field of LIBs is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is necessary to often provide the community with the latest updates. Therefore, this book was designed to focus on updating the electrochemical community with the latest advances and prospects on various aspects of LIBs. The materials presented in this book cover advances in several fronts of the technology, ranging from detailed fundamental studies of the electrochemical cell to investigations to better improve parameters related to battery packs.

Research & information: general --- lithium-ion batteries --- coulombic efficiency --- capacity loss --- production strategies --- laser cutting --- cell manufacturing --- automotive pouch cells --- spent batteries and accumulators --- Li-ion cells --- legislation --- recycling --- porosity --- manufacturing --- tolerance --- Lithium-Ion --- capacity ratio --- electrolyte volume --- resistance measurement --- contact quality --- laser beam welding --- aluminium --- copper --- battery systems --- spatial power modulation --- single mode fibre laser --- EIS --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- characterization --- diagnostics --- abuse test --- high temperature --- degradation --- safety --- ultrasonics --- ultrasound --- strain --- gassing --- gas evolution --- lithium-ionbattery --- Cahn-Hilliard equation --- intercalation --- particle size distribution --- battery safety --- hazard analysis --- gas analysis --- lithium-ion --- thermal runaway --- vent particle analysis --- vent gas emission --- internal resistance --- battery parameters --- equivalent circuit model --- capacity fade --- secondary applications --- end-of-life --- cell balancing --- temperature effects --- equivalent circuit models --- Li-ion battery packs --- thermal management systems --- electric vehicles --- sensitivity --- electrolyte --- lithium ion battery --- 4DM --- terminal voltage --- side reactions --- lithium-ion battery --- bipolar battery --- polymer-carbon composite --- current collector --- water-based electrode slurries --- carbon primer --- CNTs --- LMNO --- LTO --- n/a

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This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of nondestructive testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of nondestructive testing of different materials in civil engineering—from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of nondestructive testing of materials in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. From this point of view, interesting results with significance for building practices have been obtained

microstructure --- acoustic emission AE --- rebound hammer --- service life of a structure --- horizontal casting --- precipitation --- natural frequency --- reinforced concrete chimney --- diagnostic --- moisture safety --- adhesion assessment --- gantry crane --- stress wave --- materials research --- acoustic methods --- SEM-EDS analysis --- SilverSchmidt --- reinforced concrete grandstand stadium --- concrete strength --- autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) --- concrete elements --- reinforced concrete tanks --- degree of degradation --- fatigue tests --- X-ray micro-computed tomography --- GPR method --- defects --- singular value truncation --- ultrasonic tomography --- cement-based composites --- SEM --- moisture of AAC --- sulphate corrosion --- damage --- strengthening --- masonry structures --- eddy-current method --- non-destructive evaluation --- non-destructive testing --- NDT methods --- Structural Health Monitoring --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- temperature --- vibration analysis --- cesium --- rebar location --- nanoindentation --- monitoring of structures --- RMF technique --- machine learning --- lead --- viscoelastic parameters --- structural tuning --- diagnostics --- resistance measurement --- thermal contrast --- non-destructive method --- destruction process --- asphalt mixtures --- solid-state NMR spectroscopy --- quasi brittle cement composites --- fibre-cement boards --- adhesive joints --- compressive strength --- nondestructive testing --- defect detection --- location of inclusions --- active thermography --- concrete strength prediction --- concrete mix design --- building materials --- micro-computed tomography --- adsorption --- timber structures --- scanning laser vibrometry --- durability --- ultrasonic wave --- surface complexation --- artificial neural networks --- civil engineering --- ultrasonic testing --- ultrasound tests --- acoustic emission --- cellulose fibre cement boards --- concrete --- excitation frequency --- data mining --- crowd-induced excitation --- ultrasound measurements --- wood moisture sensing --- acoustic spectrum --- thermovision --- corrosion processes --- four point bending beam --- spun concrete --- structural damage --- X-ray computed tomography --- waste brick dust --- concrete slabs and floorings --- mathematical morphology --- Burgers model --- pattern recognition --- brittle fracture --- data noise --- drilling resistance --- damage detection --- fiber cement boards --- thermography --- non-destructive methods --- concrete corrosion --- ultrasound --- Lamb waves --- deconvolution --- ultrasonic tests --- creep test --- shape and size of specimen --- building partition --- multiple feedbacks