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The development of new technologies and the increasing demand for mineral resources from emerging countries are responsible for significant tensions in the pricing of non-ferrous metals. Some metals have become strategic and critical because they are used in many technological applications such as flat panel TVs (indium), solar panel cells (indium), lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (lithium, cobalt), magnets (rare earth elements, such as neodymium and dysprosium), scintillators (rare earths), and aviation and medical applications (titanium); their availabilities remain limited. The secured supply of these metals is crucial to continue producing and exporting these technologies, and because the specific properties of these metals make them essential and difficult to substitute for a given industrial application. Hydrometallurgy have the advantages of being able to process low-grade ores, to allow better control of co-products, and have a lower environmental impact providing that the hydrometallurgical route is optimized and cheap. The need to develop sustainable, efficient, and cheap processes to extract metals from complex and poor polymetallic matrices is real. The aim of this book was to highlight recent advances related to hydrometallurgy to face new challenges in metal production.

n/a --- gold recovery --- metal extraction --- secondary raw materials --- degradation --- precipitation --- yttrium --- separation --- seawater --- chloride --- chalcopyrite --- metal recovery --- electrochemistry --- solvent extraction --- rare-earth elements --- cuprite --- scandium --- leaching --- surface product --- solid-liquid extraction --- phosphoric acid --- intermediate --- ionic liquids --- mercury ions --- chromium(VI) --- competitive adsorption --- voltammetry --- titanium --- liquid-liquid extraction --- WEEE --- value chain --- fayalite --- gold cyanidation --- reusability --- recovery --- platinum group metals --- refining --- tri-n-octylamine --- red mud --- electroleaching --- Alamine® 336 --- indium --- intensification behavior --- base metal production --- bauxite residue --- hydrometallurgy --- structure --- nickel iron oxide --- pregnant thiosulfate solutions --- resin adsorption technique --- ion exchange resin --- electrodeposition --- back-extraction --- eluent

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In the past few decades, awareness of the basic role that endophytic fungi play in shaping the fitness of both wild and crop plants has increased significantly. The number of papers on the subject is so large that it is becoming difficult to have a complete overview of the state-of-the-art with reference to specific crops. In the absence of readily available documents providing circumstantial information on the endophytic assemblage of plants, the isolation of a certain fungal species may appear to be occasional or trivial; hence, many important findings are at risk of going unnoticed. This Special Issue aims to present a collection of papers dealing with the occurrence and functions of endophytic fungi in crop species. It may represent a useful tool for stakeholders in this particular research field, with a view to stimulating a more thorough consideration of the opportunities deriving from their discoveries.

Research & information: general --- endophytic fungi --- Fusarium --- species complexes --- mycotoxins --- fusaric acid --- trichothecenes --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- Citrus spp. --- endophytes --- antagonism --- defensive mutualism --- plant growth promotion --- bioactive compounds --- entomopathogens --- crop protection --- integrated pest management --- Cordycipitaceae --- Alternaria --- Illumina MiSeq --- secondary raw materials --- compositae --- fungi --- herbs --- secondary metabolites --- symbiosis --- mutualism --- plant fitness --- latent pathogens --- Botryosphaeria rhodina --- Botryodiplodia theobromae --- onions --- amaryllis --- endosphere --- endobiome --- metabolome --- sage --- bioprospecting --- medicinal plants --- Lamiaceae --- biocontrol --- biostimulants --- induced systemic resistance --- ISR --- plant pathogens --- fungal entomopathogens --- Acacia --- Albizia --- Bauhinia --- Berberis --- Caesalpinia --- Cassia --- Cornus --- Hamamelis --- Jasminus --- Ligustrum --- Lonicera --- Nerium --- Robinia --- EFSA --- high-risk plants --- n/a