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This book chronicles the fascinating story of the enthusiastic, stalwart, and talented naturalists who were drawn to California's spectacular natural bounty over the decades from 1786, when the La Pérouse Expedition arrived at Monterey, to the Death Valley expedition in 1890-91, the proclaimed "end" of the American frontier. Richard G. Beidleman's engaging and marvelously detailed narrative describes these botanists, zoologists, geologists, paleontologists, astronomers, and ethnologists as they camped under stars and faced blizzards, made discoveries and amassed collections, kept journals and lost valuables, sketched flowers and landscapes, recorded comets and native languages. He weaves together the stories of their lives, their demanding fieldwork, their contributions to science, and their exciting adventures against the backdrop of California and world history. California's Frontier Naturalists covers all the major expeditions to California as well as individual and institutional explorations, introducing naturalists who accompanied boundary surveys, joined federal railroad parties, traveled with river topographical expeditions, accompanied troops involved with the Mexican War, and made up California's own geological survey. Among these early naturalists are famous names-David Douglas, Thomas Nuttall, John Charles Fremont, William Brewer-as well as those who are less well-known, including Paolo Botta, Richard Hinds, and Sara Lemmon.

Naturalists --- Scientific expeditions --- Natural history --- Historians, Natural --- Natural historians --- Scientists --- Expeditions, Scientific --- Scientific voyages --- Travels --- Voyages, Scientific --- Voyages and travels --- History. --- american west. --- botany. --- boundary surveys. --- california. --- david douglas. --- death valley. --- expedition. --- explorers. --- fieldwork. --- frontier. --- geological survey. --- geology. --- john fremont. --- la perouse. --- land development. --- land management. --- mexican war. --- monterey. --- natural sciences. --- natural world. --- naturalism. --- naturalist. --- nature. --- nonfiction. --- pacific northwest. --- paleontology. --- paolo botta. --- plants. --- railroads. --- richard hinds. --- sara lemmon. --- science. --- scientists. --- settling the west. --- thomas nuttall. --- united states. --- wild west. --- wilderness. --- william brewer. --- zoology.

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The history of the American West is a history of struggles over land, and none has inspired so much passion and misunderstanding as the conflict between ranchers and the federal government over public grazing lands. Drawing upon neglected sources from organized ranchers, this is the first book to provide a historically based explanation for why the relationship between ranchers and the federal government became so embattled long before modern environmentalists became involved in the issue. Reconstructing the increasingly contested interpretations of the meaning of public land administration, Public Lands and Political Meaning traces the history of the political dynamics between ranchers and federal land agencies, giving us a new look at the relations of power that made the modern West.Although a majority of organized ranchers supported government control of the range at the turn of the century, by midcentury these same organizations often used a virulently antifederal discourse that fueled many a political fight in Washington and that still runs deep in American politics today. In analyzing this shift, Merrill shows how profoundly people's ideas about property wove their way into the political language of the debates surrounding public range policy. As she unravels the meaning of this language, Merrill demonstrates that different ideas about property played a crucial role in perpetuating antagonism on both sides of the fence.In addition to illuminating the origins of the "sagebrush rebellions" in the American West, this book also persuasively argues that political historians must pay more attention to public land management issues as a way of understanding tensions in American state-building.

Public lands --- Government ownership --- Ranchers --- Pasture, Right of --- Agistment --- Grazing rights --- Pastures --- Right of pasture --- Animal industry --- Commons --- Natural resources, Communal --- Servitudes --- Ranchmen --- Stockmen (Animal industry) --- Farmers --- Nationalization --- Public ownership --- Socialization of industry --- State ownership --- Collectivism --- Economic policy --- Socialism --- Privatization --- History. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law --- Law and legislation --- History --- Legal status, laws, etc --- E-books --- american history. --- american west. --- cattle. --- environment. --- federal government. --- federal land agencies. --- frontier. --- government control. --- grazing lands. --- history. --- land administration. --- land management. --- land rights. --- land use. --- modern west. --- nature. --- political science. --- politics. --- property rights. --- protest. --- public grazing. --- public lands. --- public range. --- ranchers. --- ranching. --- range. --- sagebrush rebellions. --- settlers. --- settling the west. --- social issues. --- state building. --- united states. --- wild west.

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Although Mexico lost its northern territories to the United States in 1848, battles over property rights and ownership have remained intense. This turbulent, vividly narrated story of the Maxwell Land Grant, a single tract of 1.7 million acres in northeastern New Mexico, shows how contending groups reinterpret the meaning of property to uphold their conflicting claims to land. The Southwest has been and continues to be the scene of a collision between land regimes with radically different cultural conceptions of the land's purpose. We meet Jicarilla Apaches, whose identity is rooted in a sense of place; Mexican governors and hacienda patrons seeking status as New World feudal magnates; "rings" of greedy territorial politicians on the make; women finding their own way in a man's world; Anglo homesteaders looking for a place to settle in the American West; and Dutch investors in search of gargantuan returns on their capital. The European and American newcomers all "mistranslated" the prior property regimes into new rules, to their own advantage and the disadvantage of those who had lived on the land before them. Their efforts to control the Maxwell Land Grant by wrapping it in their own particular myths of law and custom inevitably led to conflict and even violence as cultures and legal regimes clashed.

Land tenure --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- History --- Maxwell Land Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- New Mexico --- Beaubien-Miranda Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- Miranda-Beaubien Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- Nuevo México --- Nuevo Méjico --- History. --- Race relations. --- Nuebo México --- Departamento del Nuevo Mejico --- american west. --- chicano. --- colonialism. --- colorado. --- ethnicity. --- frontier. --- history. --- homestead act. --- indigenous people. --- indigenous rights. --- land development. --- land grant. --- land rights. --- legal history. --- lucien maxwell. --- mexican americans. --- mexican governors. --- mexican history. --- mexico. --- native american. --- new mexico. --- pioneers. --- race. --- settler colonialism. --- settlers. --- settling the west. --- southwest. --- squatters. --- supreme court. --- treaties. --- treaty of guadalupe hidalgo. --- us courts. --- wild west.