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Nanoelectromechanical systems. --- Thin films --- Size effects --- Computer simulation.

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Thin films --- Metallic films --- Nanoparticles. --- Nanowires. --- Gold --- Specie --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Money --- Atomic wires --- Molecular wires --- Quantum wires --- Subnanoscale wires --- Electric wire --- Nanostructured materials --- Nano-particles --- NPs (Nanoparticles) --- Particles --- Size effects in metallic films --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Size effects in thin films --- Size effects. --- Properties. --- Nanoscale particles

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In this Special Issue, we have gathered work on simulations of polycrystalline metals and alloys at various length scales to model multiscale localization phenomena such as slip bands, cracks, and twins. The series highlights innovative techniques that combine simulation and experiments to capture material production and guide the development of forming theories. The published work helps to understand the effect of microstructure characteristics on deformation and damage behavior under multiaxial load conditions. Furthermore, these models and the studies can be used with machine learning technologies to optimize microstructure functions for materials application and process paths.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- crystal plasticity --- twinning --- detwinning --- dislocation --- X-ray diffraction --- SEM-DIC --- Magnesium --- plastic crystals --- Raman spectroscopy --- low temperature --- high-pressure --- L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate --- plasticity --- bending crystal --- damage mechanics --- numerical simulation --- local deformation behavior --- in situ tensile test --- VEDDAC --- DAMASK --- digital image correlation --- non-metallic inclusions --- discrete dislocation dynamics --- finite element method --- multiscale model --- size effects --- magnesium alloy --- slip transfer --- crystallographic misorientation --- ductility --- multilevel models --- dynamic recrystallization --- grain shape and grain size --- defect and grain structure evolution --- representative volume element --- least square method --- alternative error method --- dual-phase steel --- grain boundary --- characteristics --- electron microscopy --- cubic quasicrystal piezoelectric materials --- crack --- screw dislocation --- complex variable function method --- aluminum wires --- overhead power transmission lines --- XRD --- EBSD --- densitometry --- elastoplastic properties --- density --- near-surface layer --- solder joints --- lead-free --- reliability --- creep --- fatigue --- n/a

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The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature.

Technology: general issues --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid–solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth’s core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature --- n/a --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- Earth's core

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The miniaturization of industrial products is a global trend. Metal forming technology is not only suitable for mass production and excellent in productivity and cost reduction, but it is also a key processing method that is essential for products that utilize advantage of the mechanical and functional properties of metals. However, it is not easy to realize the processing even if the conventional metal forming technology is directly scaled down. This is because the characteristics of materials, processing methods, die and tools, etc., vary greatly with miniaturization. In metal micro forming technology, the size effect of major issues for micro forming have also been clarified academically. New processing methods for metal micro forming have also been developed by introducing new special processing techniques, and it is a new wave of innovation toward high precision, high degree of processing, and high flexibility. To date, several special issues and books have been published on micro-forming technology. This book contains 11 of the latest research results on metal micro forming technology. The editor believes that it will be very useful for understanding the state-of-the-art of metal micro forming technology and for understanding future trends.

History of engineering & technology --- laser impact liquid flexible embossing --- microforming --- 3-D large area micro arrays --- liquid shock wave --- high strain rate forming --- numerical simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- feedstock --- homogeneity --- metallic powders --- micro hot embossing --- shaping --- plasma printing --- micro-texturing --- screen printing --- low-temperature plasma nitriding --- selective anisotropic nitrogen embedding --- selective hardening --- sand blasting --- AISI316 --- micro-meshing punch array --- copper plates --- resistance heating system --- surface modification --- free surface roughness evolution --- compression --- thin sheet metal --- micro metal forming --- ultrasonic --- orbital forming --- micro-tubes --- micro-tube drawing --- micro-hydroforming --- laser assisted --- severe plastic deformation --- micro-tube testing --- dieless drawing --- SUS304 stainless steel wires --- oxide layer --- finite element simulation --- surface texturing --- sheet metal forming --- in-situ observation --- micro-dimple --- lubricant --- microtube --- hydroforming --- T-shape bulging --- tube materials --- friction --- tube length --- micro hydroformability --- process window --- FE analysis --- microstructure --- size effects --- deformation characterization --- micro-rolling --- wire --- n/a