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Endodontics --- Vital Pulp Therapy --- Smear Layer --- Computed Tomography --- endodontics --- vital pulp therapy --- smear layer --- computed tomography

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Cheetahs are on the list of the most endangered feline species of Africa. To have an effective conservation effort it is important to have a global idea of their health, their behaviour, their environment, and their genetic. This multidisciplinary vision is the leitmotiv of the Cheetah Conservation Fund in Namibia. A lot of African felines have blood and tick-borne subclinical diseases, that can with other infection play a co-morbidity role. That’s why it is important to know the prevalence and importance of Babesia infections in cheetahs. For this, we have different methods, with different sensitivities and specificities. With the help of calculations and graphs, we compared 2 methods, the blood smear microscopic examination, which is the gold standard of Babesia diagnosis, and PCR testing of blood samples. We found that the sensitivity was much higher for PCR, especially considering that blood smear examinations have a very variable sensitivity depending on the experience of the person examining the slide. The specificity is at least as good in a PCR than in a blood smear, if not better because it allows identifying the Babesia subspecies with the right primer. In conclusion, PCR is a good alternative to diagnose Babesia infections, especially for cheetahs who generally have low parasitaemia.

Babesia --- Cheetahs --- PCR --- Blood smear --- sensitivity --- specificity --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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Intended as a practical primer on The PAP Test.

Medicine & Public Health. --- Pathology. --- Laboratory Medicine. --- Medicine. --- Medical laboratories. --- Médecine --- Pathologie --- Cervix uteri -- Cancer -- Diagnosis. --- Cervix Uteri -- Cytology. --- Cervix Uteri -- Pathology. --- Pap test. --- Uterine Cervical Diseases -- Diagnosis. --- Vaginal smears. --- Cervix uteri --- Cancer --- Diagnosis. --- Pap smear --- Papanicolaou smear --- Papanicolaou test --- Laboratory medicine. --- Diagnostic specimens --- Exfoliative cytology --- Generative organs, Female --- Stains and staining (Microscopy) --- Diseases --- Diagnosis --- Examination --- Cytodiagnosis --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Medicine --- Medicine, Preventive --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Health facilities --- Laboratories --- Clinical medicine --- Clinical pathology --- Diagnostic laboratory tests --- Laboratory diagnosis --- Laboratory medicine --- Medical laboratory diagnosis --- Pathology

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Foodborne pathogens represent a major burden on society as they are the cause of high numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths each year. In addition to their detrimental impact on human health, these microorganisms, which include pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a range of parasites, also represent a significant economic cost to food companies in the implementation and constant oversight of food hygiene and safety programs, product recalls, and potential litigation if outbreaks occur. Advancing our current knowledge of the food processing chain and its vulnerabilities to the many factors related to foodborne pathogens (e.g., their stress response, survival and persistence in processing environments, acquisition of virulence factors and antimicrobial drug resistance) is paramount to the development of effective strategies for early detection and control of pathogens, thereby improving food safety.This Special Issue compiled original research articles contributing to a better understanding of the impact of all aspects of foodborne pathogens on food safety.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Listeria monocytogenes --- growth potential --- ready-to-eat --- iceberg lettuce --- rocket --- spinach --- rucola --- arugula --- antimicrobial blue light --- pathogenic bacteria --- food-borne bacteria --- endogenous photosensitizers --- porphyrins --- food safety --- food handling --- food hygiene --- Salmonella --- Salmonellosis --- foodborne illness --- whole papaya --- Salmonella Typhimurium --- survival --- aqueous chlorine dioxide --- malic acid --- shelf-life --- Listeria spp. --- prevalence --- detection --- monitoring --- smear --- benzalkonium chloride --- thymol --- ampicillin --- sublethal antimicrobial exposure --- gene expression --- stress response --- virulence --- foodborne pathogen --- salmonellosis --- chicken --- antibiotic resistance --- microbial contamination --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- milk alternatives --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- egg white --- AcrD --- stress resistance --- cell invasion --- pathogenic mechanism --- foodborne bacteria --- in vitro cell models --- organoids --- enteroids --- Bacillus cereus group --- chromogenic media --- performance testing --- toxin gene profiling --- panC sequencing --- food-borne salmonellosis --- multi-drug resistance --- invasion genes bacterial virulence --- poultry bio-mapping --- chemical interventions --- Salmonella enumeration --- Campylobacter enumeration --- bacteriophage --- endolysin --- amidase --- bionanoparticles --- BNPs --- enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli --- yogurt --- quantitative microbial risk assessment

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Foodborne pathogens represent a major burden on society as they are the cause of high numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths each year. In addition to their detrimental impact on human health, these microorganisms, which include pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a range of parasites, also represent a significant economic cost to food companies in the implementation and constant oversight of food hygiene and safety programs, product recalls, and potential litigation if outbreaks occur. Advancing our current knowledge of the food processing chain and its vulnerabilities to the many factors related to foodborne pathogens (e.g., their stress response, survival and persistence in processing environments, acquisition of virulence factors and antimicrobial drug resistance) is paramount to the development of effective strategies for early detection and control of pathogens, thereby improving food safety.This Special Issue compiled original research articles contributing to a better understanding of the impact of all aspects of foodborne pathogens on food safety.

Listeria monocytogenes --- growth potential --- ready-to-eat --- iceberg lettuce --- rocket --- spinach --- rucola --- arugula --- antimicrobial blue light --- pathogenic bacteria --- food-borne bacteria --- endogenous photosensitizers --- porphyrins --- food safety --- food handling --- food hygiene --- Salmonella --- Salmonellosis --- foodborne illness --- whole papaya --- Salmonella Typhimurium --- survival --- aqueous chlorine dioxide --- malic acid --- shelf-life --- Listeria spp. --- prevalence --- detection --- monitoring --- smear --- benzalkonium chloride --- thymol --- ampicillin --- sublethal antimicrobial exposure --- gene expression --- stress response --- virulence --- foodborne pathogen --- salmonellosis --- chicken --- antibiotic resistance --- microbial contamination --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- milk alternatives --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- egg white --- AcrD --- stress resistance --- cell invasion --- pathogenic mechanism --- foodborne bacteria --- in vitro cell models --- organoids --- enteroids --- Bacillus cereus group --- chromogenic media --- performance testing --- toxin gene profiling --- panC sequencing --- food-borne salmonellosis --- multi-drug resistance --- invasion genes bacterial virulence --- poultry bio-mapping --- chemical interventions --- Salmonella enumeration --- Campylobacter enumeration --- bacteriophage --- endolysin --- amidase --- bionanoparticles --- BNPs --- enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli --- yogurt --- quantitative microbial risk assessment