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Many governments have introduced delivery units (DUs) to tackle pressing implementation challenges, deliver on key political priorities, and better respond to citizen needs. Malaysia introduced the Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) in 2009. Since its inception, PEMANDU helped design and then facilitated the implementation of the National Transformation Program (NTP), a set of high-level strategic priorities of the government broken down into concrete interventions. NTP has been implemented by ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs), while PEMANDU helped track, monitor, and de-bottleneck the process. PEMANDU became the largest and one of the most prominent DUs in the world, with many countries looking to learn from its experience. Malaysia's experience with PEMANDU is best understood in the context of the country's broader development journey and public sector performance culture. Malaysia's public sector development, which pre-dates PEMANDU, has created an enabling environment that set the stage for PEMANDU. Since the country's independence in 1957, Malaysia's public sector focused on solving development challenges facing the newly-independent country, including providing services to eradicate poverty and build up infrastructure to enable the diversified growth of its economy. The focus has been on results from the very beginning. This performance orientation created elements of a performance culture. As the public sector developed, it also gave rise to an institutional ecosystem for performance management. These elements provided the foundations on which PEMANDU could build.

Governance --- National Governance --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Reform --- Social analysis --- Social Development --- Voice

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This study assesses the impact of the crisis on economic and social outcomes in Cameroon's Northwest and Southwest regions as of 2019. Conflicts destroy tangible and intangible assets and strain surrounding areas, and subnational conflicts leave deep scars on a country's social fabric, culture, and collective memories. The NWSW crisis is a particularly poignant example of this, as it has directly targeted official symbols of the state, including schools and courts of law, and the resulting large-scale displacement has had secondary impacts on neighboring regions and at the national level. As of the end of 2019, the conflict was still active, and some longer-term outcomes and political, social, security, and institutional impacts were not yet observable beyond anecdotal evidence. The ongoing crisis, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has kept the two regions largely inaccessible. This has complicated data collection, as well as efforts to generate a more detailed understanding of conflict dynamics and actors. Given these constraints, this study has pursued a pragmatic strategy of analyzing pertinent issues in a systematic manner and relying on available information from a range of sources, including national and local governments, humanitarian assessments, existing surveys, press and newspaper articles, key stakeholder interviews, and remote sensing to gauge the impact of the ongoing crisis. Because no primary data collection has been carried out, the study does not measure the impact as of a specific date in 2019. Rather, it has tried to identify the most up-to-date and relevant sources to illustrate the impact, including the analysis of satellite images.

Armed Conflict --- Conflict and Development --- Social Analysis --- Social Cohesion --- Social Conflict and Violence --- Social Development

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As of March 30, 2020, Ethiopia was hosting 758,199 registered refugees and asylum seekers, making it the second largest refugee-hosting country in Africa. Ethiopia is in the process of making far-reaching changes to its refugee policies. In 2016, it made nine pledges at the Leaders' Summit on Refugees held in New York aimed at helping refugees gain greater mobility; improving access to services, especially education; expanding access to livelihoods, jobs, and irrigable land; and facilitating the local integration of long-term refugees. In February 2019, the Ethiopian parliament adopted a new refugee proclamation to facilitate the implementation of its pledges. Secondary legislation that will give effect to the proclamation is under preparation. This report, commissioned during this changing policy context, examines the social impacts of protracted displacement on the lives of refugees and host communities.

Conflict --- Conflict and Development --- International Migration --- Living Standards --- Poverty Reduction --- Refugees --- Remittances --- Social Analysis --- Social Development

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In the last four years Myanmar's economy has seen a slight shift away from agriculture toward industry and services. This may mark the beginning of a structural transformation away from a rural, agricultural economy toward a more urban, industrial and service-based economy. Urbanization and job creation in urban areas have the potential to have a significant impact on labor and mobility patterns, especially for the landless and land-poor workers that account for a large part of the rural workforce. Domestic migration has been a critical component of the way many other countries in the region, including South Korea, China, and Vietnam, have managed to reduce poverty and support resilient livelihoods. However, pursuing these opportunities often entails significant risk for poor migrant households, who often have little capacity to absorb the shocks of failed migration attempts. Developing access to a knowledge base that enables them to manage risk more easily and make more informed choices around migration is critical to supporting their livelihoods. Migration flows can also have long-term social and economic consequences in rural areas as members of the labor force, particularly young people, move into cities and towns. This entails major public policy choices around areas such as spatial development, urbanization, service delivery, and poverty reduction. The government will need information on anticipated migrant flows in order to make the right policy choices and to plan for and provide services to people arriving from rural areas into urban settings. Within this evolving context, understanding the motivations, patterns, and dynamics of existing migration practices is critical in order to assist balanced and inclusive development in Myanmar by supporting safe and informed migration. The primary objective of this study is to collect detailed evidence and provide an objective assessment of how, and to what extent, migration within and from particular regions of Myanmar affects the livelihoods of rural households and the social and economic environment of villages. It seeks to understand how migration decisions take place, the key obstacles and risks faced by migrants, and the individual and household strategies that evolve to manage them. It also seeks to capture broader changes over time in sending communities, and how the departure and return of migrants affects social and economic dynamics at home and within the village. The study focuses on the Ayeyarwady Region and the Magway Region of Myanmar, which are home to large numbers of Myanmar's rural poor and are also close to two of the major centers of growth and job creation in the country, Yangon and Mandalay respectively. In these areas, the study applies a mixed-methods approach to the four key questions outlined.

Human Migrations & Resettlements --- Living Standards --- Migration --- Other Social Development --- Poverty Reduction --- Risk Management --- Rural Development --- Rural Policies and Institutions --- Social analysis --- Social analysis and Monitoring --- Social Dev/Gender/Inclusion --- Social Development --- Social Risk Management

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Sociology --- Sociology. --- Publications périodiques. --- Sociologie. --- Croatie. --- Social Sciences --- Social theory --- sociology --- social science --- social analysis --- social research --- methodology --- Publications périodiques. --- Social sciences