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Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- coastal ecosystem --- eDNA --- metabarcoding --- microscopy --- monitoring and assessment --- spatial patterns --- complemental monitoring tool --- benthic macroinvertebrates --- canonical correspondence analysis --- land use --- spatial distribution --- water quality --- gut content of Rotifera --- eliminate the extracellular DNA --- commercial bleach --- pretreatment --- food webs --- Mediterranean coastal lakes --- nitrogen pollution --- stable isotopes --- trophic relationships --- Anguilla anguilla --- Diplodus annularis --- di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) --- crustacean --- heat shock proteins (HSPs) --- gene expression --- environmental risk assessment --- food web --- food chain --- aquatic ecosystems --- monitoring --- assessment --- environmental DNA --- isotope --- NGS

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What are the causes and consequences of species diversity in forested ecosystems, and how is this species diversity being affected by rapid environmental and climatic change, movement of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores into new biogeographic regions, and expanding human populations and associated shifts in land-use patterns? In this book, we explore these questions for assemblages of forest trees, shrubs, and understory herbs at spatial scales ranging from small plots to large forest dynamics plots, at temporal scales ranging from seasons to centuries, in both temperate and tropical regions, and across rural-to-urban gradients in land use.

gamma diversity --- tree species --- Climatic change --- individual species-area relationship --- woody species --- TILD --- trees --- Pseudotsuga menziesii --- windthrow --- precipitation --- species conservation --- spatial analysis --- codispersion analysis --- variation partitioning --- herbaceous perennial species --- northern hardwood forests --- climate change --- stand development --- potential habitats --- Smithsonian ForestGEO --- tree regeneration --- forest conversion --- Biodiversity Exploratories --- trunk breakage --- topography --- questionnaire survey --- mid-domain effect --- assemblage lineage diversity --- Salicaceae --- salvaging --- temperate forests --- Shannon diversity --- USDA Forest Service --- tree species diversity --- Bray-Curtis --- species-area relationship --- Ericaceae --- legacies --- Picea abies --- herbaceous layer --- spatial patterns --- mountains --- United States --- wind damage --- abundance --- Hubbard Brook --- elevational shifts --- uprooting --- species diversity --- evolutionary diversity --- Pinus sylvestris --- natural disturbance-based silviculture --- Vietnam --- diversity --- Maxent --- human footprint --- productivity --- China --- microarthropod --- phylogenetic diversity --- temperature --- household respondents --- succession --- biodiversity --- tornado --- salvage logging --- excess nitrogen --- climate --- forest management --- understory plant communities --- Simpson diversity --- species richness --- landscape scale --- structural complexity --- tropical evergreen mixed forest --- seasonal variations --- disturbance severity --- competition and facilitation --- canopy structure --- Fagus sylvatica

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Partial differential equations (PDEs) have been used in theoretical ecology research for more than eighty years. Nowadays, along with a variety of different mathematical techniques, they remain as an efficient, widely used modelling framework; as a matter of fact, the range of PDE applications has even become broader. This volume presents a collection of case studies where applications range from bacterial systems to population dynamics of human riots.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- cross diffusion --- Turing patterns --- non-constant positive solution --- animal movement --- correlated random walk --- movement ecology --- population dynamics --- taxis --- telegrapher’s equation --- invasive species --- linear determinacy --- population growth --- mutation --- spreading speeds --- travelling waves --- optimal control --- partial differential equation --- invasive species in a river --- continuum models --- partial differential equations --- individual based models --- plant populations --- phenotypic plasticity --- vegetation pattern formation --- desertification --- homoclinic snaking --- front instabilities --- Evolutionary dynamics --- G-function --- Quorum Sensing --- Public Goods --- semi-linear parabolic system of equations --- generalist predator --- pattern formation --- Turing instability --- Turing-Hopf bifurcation --- bistability --- regime shift --- carrying capacity --- spatial heterogeneity --- Pearl-Verhulst logistic model --- reaction-diffusion model --- energy constraints --- total realized asymptotic population abundance --- chemostat model --- social dynamics --- wave of protests --- long transients --- ghost attractor --- prey–predator --- diffusion --- nonlocal interaction --- spatiotemporal pattern --- Allen–Cahn model --- Cahn–Hilliard model --- spatial patterns --- spatial fluctuation --- dynamic behaviors --- reaction-diffusion --- spatial ecology --- stage structure --- dispersal

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Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities.

LST --- urban-rural gradient --- sub-Saharan region --- Addis Ababa --- Ethiopia --- cellular automata --- spatial layout --- transportation infrastructure --- LUCC --- spatial patterns --- spatial differences --- DMSP-OLS --- China --- India --- landscape pattern --- industrial rural area --- rural landscape --- landscape ecology --- southern Jiangsu --- land use and cover --- land surface temperature --- built-up land --- agricultural land --- gradient analysis --- Nuwara Eliya --- Sri Lanka --- urban public space --- environment --- check-in data --- social media platform --- point of interest --- urbanization --- GIS --- urban development zones --- urban sustainability --- regression analysis --- GWR --- fragmentation --- non-agricultural conversion of rural land --- urban green space --- RSEI --- remote sensing --- ecological status --- dynamic motoring --- Pingtan Island --- urban land expansion --- spatial pattern --- driving forces --- Pearl River Delta --- urban agglomeration --- urban heat island --- impervious surface area --- biophysical composition index --- coastal city --- Xiamen --- surface urban heat island --- MODIS --- land cover --- habitat quality --- spatiotemporal analysis --- Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration --- urban planning --- LULC change --- transition matrix --- systematic transition --- Blantyre city --- life quality index (LQI) --- Kandy city --- AHP --- MCDM --- COVID-19 pandemic --- environmental quality --- PM10 concentration --- n/a

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Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- LST --- urban-rural gradient --- sub-Saharan region --- Addis Ababa --- Ethiopia --- cellular automata --- spatial layout --- transportation infrastructure --- LUCC --- spatial patterns --- spatial differences --- DMSP-OLS --- China --- India --- landscape pattern --- industrial rural area --- rural landscape --- landscape ecology --- southern Jiangsu --- land use and cover --- land surface temperature --- built-up land --- agricultural land --- gradient analysis --- Nuwara Eliya --- Sri Lanka --- urban public space --- environment --- check-in data --- social media platform --- point of interest --- urbanization --- GIS --- urban development zones --- urban sustainability --- regression analysis --- GWR --- fragmentation --- non-agricultural conversion of rural land --- urban green space --- RSEI --- remote sensing --- ecological status --- dynamic motoring --- Pingtan Island --- urban land expansion --- spatial pattern --- driving forces --- Pearl River Delta --- urban agglomeration --- urban heat island --- impervious surface area --- biophysical composition index --- coastal city --- Xiamen --- surface urban heat island --- MODIS --- land cover --- habitat quality --- spatiotemporal analysis --- Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration --- urban planning --- LULC change --- transition matrix --- systematic transition --- Blantyre city --- life quality index (LQI) --- Kandy city --- AHP --- MCDM --- COVID-19 pandemic --- environmental quality --- PM10 concentration --- n/a