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Spermatogenesis is a process highly conserved throughout vertebrate species and is mainly under hypothalamic-pituitary control. It occurs in the testis in a stepwise fashion so that committed spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes and enter meiosis to produce round spermatids. These undergo a morphological transformation (spermiogenesis) into mature spermatids (i.e.: spermatozoa), which are differentially released from Sertoli cells (spermiation) depending on the species. In mammals, further transformations are necessary to form mature spermatozoa, suitable for fertilization. Gonadotropins, mainly responsive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, control spermatogenesis through specific receptors located at the gonadal level. However, besides the endocrine route, the chemical mediators may also act locally in the gonad. Indeed, it is documented that testis physiology, including steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, does not fully account for traditional endocrine control but an intragonadal network of autocrine and/or paracrine regulators also exists, whose activity, via cell-to-cell communication, regulates germ cell progression and development of qualitatively mature spermatozoa. Of note, a number of testicular modulators, such as gonadotropin releasing hormone, Kiss-peptin, endocannabinoids, has been early isolated in the brain and latest in the gonads. To fully understand precise mechanisms underlying the functional interaction of this intricate network, needless to say, it is crucially required to have detailed information about modulators and target cells. Through synergy between the respective specializations of all the authors, this topic reviewed emerging knowledge about neuroendocrine and local mediators controlling germ cell progression and maturation.

Vertebrates --- hypothalamic --- Spermatogenesis --- sperm quality

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From its crude and uneasy beginnings thirty years ago, Chinese sperm banking has become a routine part of China's pervasive and restrictive reproductive complex. Today, there are sperm banks in each of China's twenty-two provinces, the biggest of which screen some three thousand to four thousand potential donors each year. Given the estimated one to two million azoospermic men--those who are unable to produce their own sperm--the demand remains insatiable. China's twenty-two sperm banks cannot keep up, spurring sperm bank directors to publicly lament chronic shortages and even warn of a national 'sperm crisis' (jingzi weiji). Good Quality explores the issues behind the crisis, including declining sperm quality in the country due to environmental pollution, as well as a chronic national shortage of donors. In doing so, Wahlberg outlines the specific style of Chinese sperm banking that has emerged, shaped by the particular cultural, juridical, economic and social configurations that make up China's restrictive reproductive complex. Good Quality shows how this high-throughput style shapes the ways in which men experience donation and how sperm is made available to couples who can afford it.

Artificial insemination --- Sperm donors --- Sperm banks --- Semen banks --- Germplasm resources, Animal --- Tissue banks --- Donors, Sperm --- Men --- AI (Artificial insemination) --- Artificial impregnation --- Domestic animals --- Impregnation, Artificial --- Insemination, Artificial --- Instrumental insemination --- Livestock --- Animal breeding --- Reproductive technology --- China --- Social life and customs. --- #SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- #SBIB:316.334.3M50 --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Azië --- Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg: algemeen, beleid --- azoospermic men. --- china. --- chinese sperm banking. --- chinese. --- chronic national shortage. --- chronic shortages. --- couples. --- cultural. --- declining sperm quality. --- economic. --- environmental pollution. --- expensive. --- impotent. --- jingzi weiji. --- juridical. --- potential donors. --- restrictive reproduction. --- social configurations. --- sperm banks. --- sperm crisis. --- sperm donation.

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Rabbit livestock is especially important in the Mediterranean area and in the semi-arid zones of Africa, Asia, and America, representing a valuable alternative source of good animal protein of high quality (low fat and low cholesterol). However, rabbit husbandry should adapt to be a competitive and sustainable sector. In addition, it must maintain a balance between rabbit welfare, customer demands, and breeder requirements. Then, improvement in breeding systems is needed and may involve avoiding hormones and antibiotics in rabbit management; enhancing the efficiency of reproductive procedures such as artificial insemination systems and freezing of semen and embryos; extending the productive lifespan of does; improving genetic selection systems; and adjusting nutritional systems to optimize the physiological status of animals and the immune response. This Special Issue concerns all these challenges in increasing rabbit productivity and sustainability.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- Oryctolagus cuniculus --- SNPs --- SLAF-seq --- genome-wide association study --- growth trait --- myeloperoxidase --- lysozyme --- rabbits --- viral infection --- rabbit hemorrhagic disease --- goji berries --- rabbit --- insulin resistance --- leptin --- non-esterified fatty acids --- pregnancy --- lactation --- body condition score --- principal component analysis --- gene expression --- endometrium --- oviduct --- spermatozoa --- seminal plasma --- inflammation --- angiogenesis --- corpus luteum --- reproduction --- genomic selection --- imputation --- litter size --- genomic simulation --- artificial insemination --- antibiotics --- antibacterial activity --- semen quality --- reproductive performance --- sperm quality --- cryopreservation --- animal model --- assisted reproductive technology --- CTSS --- granulosa cells --- proliferation --- apoptosis --- hormone secretion --- body composition --- fertility --- kits born alive --- rabbit does --- feed intake --- free tri-iodothyronine --- thyroxine --- insulin --- glucose --- corticosterone --- NEFA --- fetus --- placenta

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This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.

Technology: general issues --- extraction --- leaf --- liquid biphasic flotation --- polygonum --- protein --- date fruits --- proximate analysis --- physico-chemical characteristics --- date sugar --- phytoconstituents --- amino acids --- biomaterials --- Ficus carica --- diabetes mellitus --- proteomics --- sperm quality --- bioeconomy --- bioprocesses --- applications --- policy --- social welfare --- sustainability --- nanofiltration --- lipase --- Fusarium heterosporum --- fatty acid methyl ester --- electronics package --- induction heating --- magnetic field --- electric field --- TM110 single-mode cavity --- solder --- eddy current --- GABA --- fermented food --- functional food --- non-protein amino acid --- soy sauce fermentation --- lignocellulosic biomass --- holocellulose --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- excipient --- non-edible --- oil --- biodiesel production --- fuel --- Lactobacillus isolation --- lag phase --- bacteria sequencing --- breast milk --- chitosan --- co-loaded nanoparticles --- hydrophobic modification --- l-ascorbic acid --- thymoquinone --- sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) --- social sustainability --- qualitative research --- Pakistan --- biohydrogen production --- immobilised cells --- entrapment --- alginate --- activated carbon --- carbon dioxide --- culture media --- microorganism --- optimization --- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- oil palm seedlings nursery --- biofertilizers --- chemical fertilizer --- n/a --- sago hampas --- amylase --- cellulase --- substrate feeding --- saccharification --- biomass --- waste cooking oil --- green fuel --- biodiesel --- heterogeneous catalyst --- deoxygenation

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This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.

extraction --- leaf --- liquid biphasic flotation --- polygonum --- protein --- date fruits --- proximate analysis --- physico-chemical characteristics --- date sugar --- phytoconstituents --- amino acids --- biomaterials --- Ficus carica --- diabetes mellitus --- proteomics --- sperm quality --- bioeconomy --- bioprocesses --- applications --- policy --- social welfare --- sustainability --- nanofiltration --- lipase --- Fusarium heterosporum --- fatty acid methyl ester --- electronics package --- induction heating --- magnetic field --- electric field --- TM110 single-mode cavity --- solder --- eddy current --- GABA --- fermented food --- functional food --- non-protein amino acid --- soy sauce fermentation --- lignocellulosic biomass --- holocellulose --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- excipient --- non-edible --- oil --- biodiesel production --- fuel --- Lactobacillus isolation --- lag phase --- bacteria sequencing --- breast milk --- chitosan --- co-loaded nanoparticles --- hydrophobic modification --- l-ascorbic acid --- thymoquinone --- sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) --- social sustainability --- qualitative research --- Pakistan --- biohydrogen production --- immobilised cells --- entrapment --- alginate --- activated carbon --- carbon dioxide --- culture media --- microorganism --- optimization --- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- oil palm seedlings nursery --- biofertilizers --- chemical fertilizer --- n/a --- sago hampas --- amylase --- cellulase --- substrate feeding --- saccharification --- biomass --- waste cooking oil --- green fuel --- biodiesel --- heterogeneous catalyst --- deoxygenation