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ISBN: 9780691154749 9780691154756 9781400848683 0691154759 1400848687 Year: 2014 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,
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In 1989, when the Cold War ended, there were six permanent international courts. Today there are more than two dozen that have collectively issued over thirty-seven thousand binding legal rulings. The New Terrain of International Law charts the developments and trends in the creation and role of international courts, and explains how the delegation of authority to international judicial institutions influences global and domestic politics. The New Terrain of International Law presents an in-depth look at the scope and powers of international courts operating around the world. Focusing on dispute resolution, enforcement, administrative review, and constitutional review, Karen Alter argues that international courts alter politics by providing legal, symbolic, and leverage resources that shift the political balance in favor of domestic and international actors who prefer policies more consistent with international law objectives. International courts name violations of the law and perhaps specify remedies. Alter explains how this limited power--the power to speak the law--translates into political influence, and she considers eighteen case studies, showing how international courts change state behavior. The case studies, spanning issue areas and regions of the world, collectively elucidate the political factors that often intervene to limit whether or not international courts are invoked and whether international judges dare to demand significant changes in state practices.
International law --- International law. --- International courts. --- Human rights. --- Political science --- Law --- International Relations --- General. --- International. --- International courts --- Human Rights --- Andean Tribunal. --- Cold War. --- ECOWAS. --- IC legal review. --- Niger. --- US Congress. --- WTO. --- World War II. --- administrative review. --- authoritarian countries. --- compliance. --- constitutional obedience. --- constitutional review. --- dispute resolution. --- dispute settlement. --- domestic administrative actors. --- domestic courts. --- domestic judges. --- domestic law. --- domestic politics. --- enforcement. --- governments. --- human rights. --- international agreements. --- international court. --- international courts. --- international judicial landscape. --- international judiciary. --- international justice. --- international law. --- international legal institutions. --- international politics. --- international relations. --- judicial architecture. --- judicialization. --- jurisdiction. --- law. --- legal agreement. --- legal practice. --- legal violations. --- legislative process. --- legitimated actors. --- litigants. --- litigation. --- national legal orders. --- nonstate actors. --- political actors. --- political influence. --- rule of law. --- state behaviour. --- state parties. --- state practices. --- supranational administrators. --- unconstitutional acts.
Book
ISBN: 1400880971 Year: 2016 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,
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Few transformations in American politics have been as important as the integration of African Americans into the Democratic Party and the Republican embrace of racial policy conservatism. The story of this partisan realignment on race is often told as one in which political elites-such as Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwater-set in motion a dramatic and sudden reshuffling of party positioning on racial issues during the 1960s. Racial Realignment instead argues that top party leaders were actually among the last to move, and that their choices were dictated by changes that had already occurred beneath them. Drawing upon rich data sources and original historical research, Eric Schickler shows that the two parties' transformation on civil rights took place gradually over decades.Schickler reveals that Democratic partisanship, economic liberalism, and support for civil rights had crystallized in public opinion, state parties, and Congress by the mid-1940s. This trend was propelled forward by the incorporation of African Americans and the pro-civil-rights Congress of Industrial Organizations into the Democratic coalition. Meanwhile, Republican partisanship became aligned with economic and racial conservatism. Scrambling to maintain existing power bases, national party elites refused to acknowledge these changes for as long as they could, but the civil rights movement finally forced them to choose where their respective parties would stand.Presenting original ideas about political change, Racial Realignment sheds new light on twentieth and twenty-first century racial politics.
Racism --- African Americans --- Civil rights --- Liberalism --- Political aspects --- History --- Civil rights --- History --- History --- Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) --- Democratic Party (U.S.) --- History --- History --- United States --- United States --- Politics and government --- Race relations --- History --- African American movement. --- African American population. --- African American voters. --- African Americans. --- Al Smith. --- American politics. --- Congress of Industrial Organizations. --- Congress. --- Democratic Party. --- Democratic partisanship. --- Democrats. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- House of Representatives. --- Jewish population. --- New Deal liberalism. --- New Deal. --- Republican partisanship. --- Republicans. --- World War II. --- civil realignment. --- civil rights activists. --- civil rights bills. --- civil rights initiatives. --- civil rights realignment. --- civil rights support. --- civil rights. --- coalitional bargains. --- conservatives. --- discrimination. --- economic conservatism. --- economic liberalism. --- fair employment. --- liberal civil rights. --- liberal coalition. --- liberal states. --- liberalism. --- liberals. --- national Democratic Party. --- national GOP. --- national party elites. --- national party leaders. --- national platforms. --- party faction. --- party politics. --- party theory. --- political transformations. --- pro-civil rights. --- race. --- racial conservatism. --- racial liberalism. --- racial policy conservatism. --- racial politics. --- state Democratic parties. --- state Republican parties. --- state parties. --- union density. --- urban liberals. --- urbanization.
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