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A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

Technology: general issues --- cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain–computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- human–machine interaction --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain–computer interface (BCI) --- brain–machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human–robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation --- n/a --- brain-computer interface --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- human-robot interaction

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The scientific study of complex systems has transformed a wide range of disciplines in recent years, enabling researchers in both the natural and social sciences to model and predict phenomena as diverse as earthquakes, global warming, demographic patterns, financial crises, and the failure of materials. In this book, Didier Sornette boldly applies his varied experience in these areas to propose a simple, powerful, and general theory of how, why, and when stock markets crash. Most attempts to explain market failures seek to pinpoint triggering mechanisms that occur hours, days, or weeks before the collapse. Sornette proposes a radically different view: the underlying cause can be sought months and even years before the abrupt, catastrophic event in the build-up of cooperative speculation, which often translates into an accelerating rise of the market price, otherwise known as a "bubble." Anchoring his sophisticated, step-by-step analysis in leading-edge physical and statistical modeling techniques, he unearths remarkable insights and some predictions--among them, that the "end of the growth era" will occur around 2050. Sornette probes major historical precedents, from the decades-long "tulip mania" in the Netherlands that wilted suddenly in 1637 to the South Sea Bubble that ended with the first huge market crash in England in 1720, to the Great Crash of October 1929 and Black Monday in 1987, to cite just a few. He concludes that most explanations other than cooperative self-organization fail to account for the subtle bubbles by which the markets lay the groundwork for catastrophe. Any investor or investment professional who seeks a genuine understanding of looming financial disasters should read this book. Physicists, geologists, biologists, economists, and others will welcome Why Stock Markets Crash as a highly original "scientific tale," as Sornette aptly puts it, of the exciting and sometimes fearsome--but no longer quite so unfathomable--world of stock markets.

Stocks --- Financial crises --- Prices --- History. --- United States. --- Asia. --- Black Monday. --- Dow Jones Industrial Average. --- Hong Kong. --- Latin America. --- Louis Bachelier. --- Nasdaq index. --- Nasdaq. --- Nikkei. --- Russia. --- South Sea bubble. --- anti-imitation. --- antibubble. --- arbitrage opportunities. --- bubble. --- collapse. --- complex systems. --- computational methods. --- cooperative behavior. --- cooperative speculation. --- crash hazard. --- currency crash. --- derivatives. --- discrete scale invariance. --- drawdown. --- efficient market. --- emergent markets. --- extreme events. --- financial crashes. --- finite-time singularity. --- forward prediction. --- fractals. --- free lunch. --- gold. --- hazard rate. --- hedging. --- herding. --- imitation. --- insurance portfolio. --- log-periodicity. --- market failure. --- natural scientists. --- outlier. --- population dynamics. --- positive feedback. --- power law. --- prediction. --- price-driven model. --- random walk. --- rational agent. --- renormalization group. --- returns. --- risk-driven model. --- risk. --- self-organization. --- self-similarity. --- social network. --- social scientists. --- speculative bubble. --- stock market crash. --- stock market indices. --- stock market prices. --- stock market. --- superhumans. --- sustainability. --- tronics boom. --- tulip mania. --- world economy.