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This volume provides an accessible overview of cultural tourism in southern Africa. It examines the utilisation of culture in southern African tourism and the related impacts, possibilities and challenges from deep and wide-ranging perspectives. The chapters use case studies to showcase some of the cultural tourism which occurs in the region and link to concepts such as authenticity, commodification, the tourist gaze and ‘Otherness’, heritage, sustainability and sustainable livelihoods. The authors scrutinise both positive and negative impacts of cultural tourism throughout the book and explore issues including the definition of community, ethical considerations, empowerment, gender, participation and inequality. The book will be a useful resource for students and researchers of tourism, geography, anthropology and cultural studies.

Heritage tourism --- Authenticity. --- Commodification. --- Cultural tourism. --- Ethnicity. --- Heritage tourism. --- Otherness. --- Sustainability. --- Sustainable livelihoods. --- Tourist gaze.

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This Special Issue addresses relations between tourism activities, smart specialization strategies, and sustainable development at different territorial levels, including the local, regional, national, and international. Framed by appropriate conceptual frameworks to define the contemporary dynamics of innovation in tourism, case studies supported by advanced quantitative methods and developed in rural and urban areas of Asia, Europe, and Africa are presented and discussed. The concept of smart specialization inspires the formulation of regional innovation policies and strategies, emphasizing the importance of endogenous resources and existing territorial capabilities. By exploring the diversity and variety of each economy to develop inter-sectoral relations, this approach aims at promoting the creation of spillover effects of innovation processes supported by adequate key enabling technologies, potentially leading to the sustainable development of places, regions, and countries. As an activity that mobilizes contributions from different economic sectors, tourism may play a central role in such strategies. As described and discussed in this Special Issue, aspects related to the creative sectors of economies, information and communication technologies, traditional products and lifestyles, food production, or diverse cultural values can be mobilized to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for tourism development.

traditional and regional products --- gastronomy tourism --- regional cuisine --- Trabzon --- Podhale region --- sustainable livelihoods --- rural ecological environment --- rural tourism --- smart specialization --- livelihood sustainability index --- rural revitalization strategy --- innovation --- indicators --- governance --- sustainability --- competitiveness --- destination --- life-cycle --- tourism cooperation --- China-ASEAN --- cooperation structure --- driving factors --- regional tourism --- Islamic finance --- halal tourism --- fuzzy numbers --- TOPSIS --- cultural mediating effects --- halal industry --- relatedness --- proximity --- network --- specialization --- panel data --- visual impairment --- smart tourism --- mobile application --- gamification --- experience design --- social sustainability --- disability equality --- accessible tourism for all --- smart tourism technology experience --- tourist satisfaction --- happiness --- revisit intention --- nature interpretation --- visitor codes --- orientation signage --- tour guiding --- visitor management --- Maasai Mara --- sustainable tourism development --- tourism policy --- sustainability indicators --- cluster analysis --- factor analysis --- Mediterranean --- DPSIR

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This Special Issue addresses relations between tourism activities, smart specialization strategies, and sustainable development at different territorial levels, including the local, regional, national, and international. Framed by appropriate conceptual frameworks to define the contemporary dynamics of innovation in tourism, case studies supported by advanced quantitative methods and developed in rural and urban areas of Asia, Europe, and Africa are presented and discussed. The concept of smart specialization inspires the formulation of regional innovation policies and strategies, emphasizing the importance of endogenous resources and existing territorial capabilities. By exploring the diversity and variety of each economy to develop inter-sectoral relations, this approach aims at promoting the creation of spillover effects of innovation processes supported by adequate key enabling technologies, potentially leading to the sustainable development of places, regions, and countries. As an activity that mobilizes contributions from different economic sectors, tourism may play a central role in such strategies. As described and discussed in this Special Issue, aspects related to the creative sectors of economies, information and communication technologies, traditional products and lifestyles, food production, or diverse cultural values can be mobilized to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for tourism development.

Technology: general issues --- traditional and regional products --- gastronomy tourism --- regional cuisine --- Trabzon --- Podhale region --- sustainable livelihoods --- rural ecological environment --- rural tourism --- smart specialization --- livelihood sustainability index --- rural revitalization strategy --- innovation --- indicators --- governance --- sustainability --- competitiveness --- destination --- life-cycle --- tourism cooperation --- China-ASEAN --- cooperation structure --- driving factors --- regional tourism --- Islamic finance --- halal tourism --- fuzzy numbers --- TOPSIS --- cultural mediating effects --- halal industry --- relatedness --- proximity --- network --- specialization --- panel data --- visual impairment --- smart tourism --- mobile application --- gamification --- experience design --- social sustainability --- disability equality --- accessible tourism for all --- smart tourism technology experience --- tourist satisfaction --- happiness --- revisit intention --- nature interpretation --- visitor codes --- orientation signage --- tour guiding --- visitor management --- Maasai Mara --- sustainable tourism development --- tourism policy --- sustainability indicators --- cluster analysis --- factor analysis --- Mediterranean --- DPSIR

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Understanding deserts and drylands is essential, as arid landscapes cover >40% of the Earth and are home to two billion people. Today's problematic environment–human interaction needs contemporary knowledge to address dryland complexity. Physical dimensions in arid zones—land systems, climate and hazards, ecology—are linked with social processes that directly impact drylands, such as land management, livelihoods, and development. The challenges require integrated research that identifies systemic drivers across global arid regions. Measurement and monitoring, field investigation, remote sensing, and data analysis are effective tools to investigate natural dynamics. Equally, inquiry into how policy and practice affect landscape sustainability is key to mitigating detrimental activity in deserts. Relations between socio-economic forces and degradation, agro-pastoral rangeland use, drought and disaster and resource extraction reflect land interactions. Contemporary themes of food security, conflict, and conservation are interlinked in arid environments. This book unifies desert science, arid environments, and dryland development. The chapters identify land dynamics, address system risks and delineate human functions through original research in arid zones. Mixed methodologies highlight the vital links between social and environmental science in global deserts. The book engages with today's topical themes and presents novel analyses of arid land systems and societies.

regeneration --- drylands --- invasive vine --- riparian ecosystems --- Kazakhstan --- Mongolian grassland --- human health --- charisma --- water rights --- political ecology --- the Hovmoller diagram --- Mongolia --- common-pool resource --- desertification --- afforestation --- continuous grazing --- arid area --- tamarind age --- land use change --- mountains of Central Asia --- soil carbon storage --- social movements --- case study of nomadic and settlement grazing system --- Afar --- protest --- social–ecological systems --- Central Asia --- Asian dust --- subarctic agriculture --- Jordan River Basin --- conservation --- protected areas --- water productivity --- national parks --- disturbance --- dryland --- increase of growing season --- Sanjiangyuan region --- policy implementation --- partnerships --- snow index --- global carbon balance --- dust storm emission --- Jordan --- One Belt --- local farming --- decoupling --- water security --- environmental impacts --- groundwater --- Kashgar Region --- Gobi --- Palestine --- degrading --- property rights --- One Road --- aerodynamic roughness --- Israel --- desert --- fodder demand --- spatial migration model --- vegetation survey --- agricultural water intensity --- dry lake beds --- LUCC --- communal rangelands --- subversive clientelism --- Tibetan Plateau --- ecotone --- river basin development --- livestock --- environmental justice --- computational fluid dynamics --- Japan --- remote sensing --- climate hazard --- mining --- Chobe --- modelling --- sustainable livelihoods --- water --- pastoralism --- environmental regime shift --- erosion --- institutional change --- Gobi desert of Mongolia --- Cuchillas de la Zarca --- non-linear change --- Ethiopia --- cross correlation analysis --- farming at its limits --- absence --- New Silk Road --- drag partition --- cellular automata --- agriculture --- China --- SPOT VGT --- grass height --- co-management --- Belt and Road Initiative --- wind erosion modelling --- Kyrgyzstan --- KAZA --- dust storm outbreak --- coverage --- desert reclamation --- nomadic pastoralism --- fodder supply --- soil quality index --- vegetation response to precipitation --- driving forces --- grassland degradation --- environment --- Nyangatom --- rotational grazing --- drought --- Asia --- infrastructure --- Southern Africa --- Gobi Desert region --- Sonoran desert --- South Omo --- arid region --- land cover/land use --- drip irrigation --- risk --- air temperature increase --- the Shiyang River Basin --- forest resources --- landscape --- ecosystem services --- Greenland --- economic valuation