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Thermal desorption --- In situ remediation --- Hazardous waste site remediation
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Thermal desorption --- In situ remediation --- Hazardous waste site remediation
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volatile compounds --- Analytical methods --- Compose organique volatil d'originie microbienne --- Thermodesorption system --- Thermal desorption --- Solid phase microextraction --- Headspace sorptive extraction --- Semiochimique --- Compose organique volatil d'originie microbienne --- Thermodesorption system --- Thermal desorption --- Solid phase microextraction --- Headspace sorptive extraction --- Semiochimique
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The peppermint Initiative was created to overcome the lack of standardization in exhaled breath analysis. It is an inter-analytical platforms-benchmarking study, which was carried out in the OBiAChem laboratory. Concretely, in each analytical platform, the defined peppermint protocol was repeated on the exhaled breath of at least 10 subjects to monitor specific metabolites of the peppermint oil in the exhaled breath. With the resulting data, a statistical analysis will be carried out and should represent the variability range between laboratories and different types of instrumentation. Concerning the OBiAChem laboratory, the exhaled breath was sampled in Tedlar® bags and the target VOCs were analyzed by a TD-GC×GC-HRTOFMS. A previous optimization step on the exhaled breath sampling method was done and this determined the suitable sampling bags for the exhaled breath analysis, 1L Tedlar® bags. The data analysis highlighted that almost all of the monitored metabolites of peppermint oil gave reproducible results leading to the conclusion that the exhaled breath sampling method which was used is a reproducible method.
Separation sciences --- Analytical chemistry --- Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- High resolution time of flight mass spectrometer --- Thermal desorption --- Exhaled breath sampling --- Sampling bag technology --- Inter-analytical platform study --- Peppermint Initiative --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie
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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HRTOFMS) has been used to perform non-recreational cannabis strains differentiation. The sampling method, based on dynamic headspace and thermal desorption (TD), has been optimized to maximize volatile organic compound (VOC) collection. Volatile profiles of nine cannabis flowers were collected at room temperature using thermal desorption tubes. Terpenes and other specific volatile compounds emitted by the flowers have been used through advanced data analysis. Different data pre-treatments have been investigated on raw data prior to statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to visualize the impact of pre-processing. Based on the selected data treatment, five strains out of the nine were selected for strain differentiation. Furthermore, the global chemical classes repartition, odor profile, and medical effects of strains were investigated. Major compounds listed in literature have been successfully identified by the HRTOFMS, using the combination of specific fragmentation and high mass accuracy to increase the confidence in compounds identification. In conclusion, strains have been separated upon PCA results, which has shown also its potential to differentiate cannabis subspecies. Moreover, compound investigation has shown similar profile of aromas with different major flavors in different strains and has shown different medical compound amounts proving the medical potential of cannabis-based products uses. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse bidimensionnelle (GC×GC) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol à haute résolution (HRTOFMS) a été utilisée pour différencier des fleurs de cannabis à usage non-récréatif. La méthode d’échantillonnage, basée sur l’échantillonnage dynamique de l’espace de tête et sur la désorption thermique (TD), a été optimisée afin de maximiser la collection de composés organiques volatils (COVs). Les COVs de neuf fleurs de cannabis ont été récoltés à température ambiante à l’aide de tubes de désorption thermique. L’analyse des données s’est basée sur le profil des terpènes et autres composés volatils des fleurs. Des pré-traitements des données ont été effectués avant leurs analyses statistiques. L’analyse par composante principale (ACP) a été utilisée afin de visualiser l’impact du pré-traitement sur les données. A partir des données sélectionnées après le pré-traitement, cinq fleurs sur les neufs ont été sélectionnées en vue de les différencier. La répartition globale des classes de composés chimiques, le profil des odeurs et des effets médicaux des fleurs ont également été étudiés. Les composés majeurs référencés dans la littérature ont été identifiés par la HRTOFMS qui confère une haute précision de la masse et une plus grande certitude dans l’identification des composés. En conclusion, les fleurs ont été séparées selon leurs résultats d’ACP. Celle-ci a montré son potentiel pour différencier les sous-espèces de cannabis. De plus, l’analyse des composés a montré des profils d’odeurs similaires, avec des arômes majoritaires dans les différentes fleurs. Elle a aussi montré la présence de composés médicinaux, montrant le potentiel médical des produits basés sur le cannabis.
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- Cannabis --- Volatile organic compounds --- Thermal desorption --- High resolution time-of-flight mass spectroscopy --- Chromatographie gazeuse bidimensionnelle --- Cannabis --- Désorption thermique --- Spectroscopie de masse à temps de vol à haute résolution --- Composés organiques volatils --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie
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Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
History of engineering & technology --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
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Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
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Fracture, fatigue, and other subcritical processes, such as creep crack growth or stress corrosion cracking, present numerous open issues from both scientific and industrial points of view. These phenomena are of special interest in industrial and civil metallic structures, such as pipes, vessels, machinery, aircrafts, ship hulls, and bridges, given that their failure may imply catastrophic consequences for human life, the natural environment, and/or the economy. Moreover, an adequate management of their operational life, defining suitable inspection periods, repairs, or replacements, requires their safety or unsafety conditions to be defined. The analysis of these technological challenges requires accurate comprehensive assessment tools based on solid theoretical foundations as well as structural integrity assessment standards or procedures incorporating such tools into industrial practice.
n/a --- reuse --- microstructure --- fatigue crack growth --- micromechanisms --- weld joint --- FFM --- slow strain rate tensile test --- fracture --- orthotropic steel bridge deck --- fatigue --- three-point bending fatigue --- EMC --- notch effect --- thermal desorption spectroscopy --- synchrotron radiation --- tube specimen with hole --- critical distance --- Inconel 690 tube --- fatigue test --- failure assessment diagram (FAD) --- alloy steel --- X-ray techniques --- overload --- aluminium plates --- fatigue strength --- fastener --- high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) --- internal fatigue fracture --- ?CT imaging --- hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) --- notch --- rotating bending --- local strain --- aluminum foam sandwich --- structural steel --- surface defect --- compressive residual stress --- blunt V-notches --- cathodic polarization --- needle peening --- semi-elliptical crack --- fatigue life --- hydrogen-induced delayed fracture --- fatigue design curve --- subcritical propagation --- cathodic polarization or cathodic charge (CC) --- hydrogen embrittlement --- aircraft --- fatigue limit --- environmentally assisted cracking --- ductile failure --- mode I loading --- cathodic protection (CP) --- peel strength --- hot-press-formed steel --- crack initiation --- retardation --- theory of critical distances --- welded joint
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