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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has spread worldwide from the beginning of 2020. The infection is mostly asymptomatic but some patients may develop COVID‑19 (coronavirus disease 2019) with a severe or critical course leading to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Apart from the virus‑related damage of the lungs, pathomechanism of the disease seems to be linked to thromboembolism and inflammation accompanied by overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, termed a cytokine storm, responsible for multiorgan damage and death. Since the development of a new therapeutic molecule, dedicated strictly to a particular virus is time‑consuming, physicians and scientists have started to test and repurpose old medications. Unfortunately, after one year of pandemics, there is still a lack of optimal therapy and no clear indicators of recovery. A major issue is also insufficient knowledge on predictors of the severe or deadly course of the disease, which could also help to switch from one therapeutic option to another. Due to many gaps still existing in the management of COVID-19, there is a need for the accumulation of new data particularly from real-world experience, which could be applicable to practice guidelines. The objective of this special issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine is to provide an update on the mangement for the diagnostic workup and pharmacotherapy of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection.

Medicine --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- interleukin-6 --- tocilizumab --- therapy --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- cytokines --- severity --- prognosis --- mortality --- kidney failure --- rapid diagnostic test --- antigen detection --- Cytomegalovirus --- co-infections --- critical care --- liver markers --- inflammation --- morbidity --- personalized medicine --- liver functional tests --- COVID-19 pneumonia --- meta-analysis --- trial sequential analysis --- children --- clinical presentation --- coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) --- epidemiology --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) --- clinical outcome --- symptomatology --- pandemic --- angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) --- AT1R concentration --- angiotensin II --- symptoms’ severity --- diagnosis --- artificial intelligence --- medical imaging --- systematic umbrella review --- methodological credibility --- PCR test --- COVID-19 diagnosis --- Charlson Comorbidities Index --- cluster analysis --- longitudinal cluster --- individualized management --- n/a --- symptoms' severity

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There have been recent significant improvements in the short-term survival of solid organ transplantation patients due to advances in immunosuppression and transplant techniques. However, long-term graft survival has still lagged behind other outcomes and has now become one of the main problems in solid organ transplantation.For this Special Issue, we invited researchers and clinicians to submit studies on solid organ transplantation. These have provided us with additional knowledge and skills that will ultimately help us to improve outcomes after solid organ transplantation.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- living donation --- nephrectomy --- hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy --- body composition --- complications --- simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation --- immunosuppression --- graft order --- sequence --- outcome --- survival --- kidney transplantation --- hydrogen --- diarrhea --- small intestinal bacterial overgrowth --- sickle cell disease --- sickle cell --- transplantation --- outcomes --- big data --- tacrolimus --- metabolism --- C/D ratio --- cholesterol --- dyslipidemia --- LDL-C --- liver transplantation --- hematuria --- chronic kidney disease --- tocilizumab --- clazakizumab --- desensitization --- anti-HLA alloantibody --- post traumatic growth --- psychiatric morbidity --- network analysis --- ESAS --- MINI --- CPC --- DCPR --- distress --- demoralization --- alexithymia --- anxiety --- antibody-mediated rejection --- recurrent primary disease --- renal transplantation --- pancreas transplantation --- cold ischemia time --- delayed graft function --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- end-stage renal disease --- intensive care unit --- bioimpedance analysis --- drug dosing --- lean body mass index --- pharmacokinetics --- tacrolimus C/D ratio --- mineral bone disorder --- parathyroidectomy --- parathyroid hormone --- osteoporosis --- bone fractures --- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound --- kidney perfusion --- kidney function --- kidney donation --- n/a

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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 presents significant challenges to health systems and public health in both hemispheres as well as to the economies of each country. The morbidity and mortality due to infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have been significant despite the short duration since its discovery and initially overwhelmed many hospitals and clinics. It influences everyone, and countermeasures have been dramatic in their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This Special Issue provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to provide feedback on our responses and preparedness to COVID-19 globally as well as to disseminate critical information about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the associated COVID-19 pandemic. It consists of 22 peer-reviewed papers that cover worldwide perspectives encompasses the following: Original articles about COVID-19 (including epidemiology, modelling, clinical data, treatment, prevention, countermeasures, impacts on tropical regions, response, and preparedness);Original articles about SARS-CoV-2 (microbiology, virology, transmission, pathology, and vaccinology);Perspectives about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 (comparisons with past coronavirus outbreaks, impactful local initiatives, novel responses, and commentaries);Reviews on COVID-19 (based on systematic and narrative reviews);and Innovations (vaccine development, drug trials, and original countermeasures).

Medicine --- Environmental medicine --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- hepatitis B and C --- cirrhosis --- chronic kidney disease --- alcohol-related liver disease --- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- necrosis --- MDR-TB --- clinical trials --- IL-6 inhibitors --- tocilizumab --- cytokine release syndrome --- cytokine storm --- operational research --- health systems --- SORT IT --- pandemics --- training --- pandemic --- endemic --- tuberculosis --- impact --- control --- overview --- malaria --- preparedness --- Africa --- emergency --- fecal calprotectin --- bowel perforation --- D-Dimer --- thrombosis --- ischemia --- efficacy --- safety --- kaletra --- lopinavir/ritonavir --- meta-analysis --- coronavirus --- SARS-CoV-1 --- MERS --- SARS --- influenza --- healthcare worker --- healthcare personnel --- general practitioners --- medical doctor --- heart transplant --- CMV --- Chagas disease --- infection --- severity --- respiratory viruses --- coinfections --- health care workers --- Philippines --- rhinovirus --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 --- plasmodium falciparum --- differential diagnosis --- cognitive bias --- diagnostic reasoning --- recurrence --- reinfection --- Bangladesh --- Kenya --- Nairobi --- presumptive tuberculosis --- TB treatment outcomes --- HIV --- antiretroviral therapy --- EpiCollect5 --- Malawi --- Lilongwe --- Zimbabwe --- Harare --- real-time operational research --- ethics --- research capacity building --- India --- Nepal --- post-acute COVID-19 syndrome --- COVID-19 vaccines --- mortality --- epidemiology --- public health --- healthcare workers --- attitudes --- perceptions --- knowledge --- n/a

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This book is a compilation of articles by experts on the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, many of which are full of data-based evidence from basic research perspectives or patient data.

Medicine --- 70-kDa heat shock proteins --- gingival crevicular fluid --- heat shock protein --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- diabetes --- diabetic retinopathy --- bleeding on probing --- probing pocket depth --- fasting blood sugar --- carotid artery calcification --- alveolar bone loss --- computed tomography --- panoramic radiographs --- aspiration pneumonia --- chronic periodontitis --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- proinflammatory cytokines --- TLR2 --- epidemiological index --- item response theory --- oral examination --- diagnosis --- Mfa1 --- Toll-like receptors --- gingival fibroblast --- azithromycin --- human gingival fibroblast --- human periodontal ligament fibroblast --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- MMP-1 --- MMP-2 --- chewing ability --- infection --- inflammation --- periodontal medicine --- Gan-Lu-Yin --- herbal medicine --- osteoclastogenesis --- periodontal diseases --- periodontal pocket --- health status indicators --- periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) --- rheumatoid arthritis --- tocilizumab --- periodontal inflamed surface area --- periodontal pathogen --- mixed effect modeling --- follow-up study --- Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) --- human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) --- microarray --- differentially gene expression (DEGs) --- gene ontology --- biological processes (BP) --- protein–protein interaction (PPI)

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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 presents significant challenges to health systems and public health in both hemispheres as well as to the economies of each country. The morbidity and mortality due to infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have been significant despite the short duration since its discovery and initially overwhelmed many hospitals and clinics. It influences everyone, and countermeasures have been dramatic in their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This Special Issue provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to provide feedback on our responses and preparedness to COVID-19 globally as well as to disseminate critical information about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the associated COVID-19 pandemic. It consists of 22 peer-reviewed papers that cover worldwide perspectives encompasses the following: Original articles about COVID-19 (including epidemiology, modelling, clinical data, treatment, prevention, countermeasures, impacts on tropical regions, response, and preparedness);Original articles about SARS-CoV-2 (microbiology, virology, transmission, pathology, and vaccinology);Perspectives about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 (comparisons with past coronavirus outbreaks, impactful local initiatives, novel responses, and commentaries);Reviews on COVID-19 (based on systematic and narrative reviews);and Innovations (vaccine development, drug trials, and original countermeasures).

COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- hepatitis B and C --- cirrhosis --- chronic kidney disease --- alcohol-related liver disease --- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- necrosis --- MDR-TB --- clinical trials --- IL-6 inhibitors --- tocilizumab --- cytokine release syndrome --- cytokine storm --- operational research --- health systems --- SORT IT --- pandemics --- training --- pandemic --- endemic --- tuberculosis --- impact --- control --- overview --- malaria --- preparedness --- Africa --- emergency --- fecal calprotectin --- bowel perforation --- D-Dimer --- thrombosis --- ischemia --- efficacy --- safety --- kaletra --- lopinavir/ritonavir --- meta-analysis --- coronavirus --- SARS-CoV-1 --- MERS --- SARS --- influenza --- healthcare worker --- healthcare personnel --- general practitioners --- medical doctor --- heart transplant --- CMV --- Chagas disease --- infection --- severity --- respiratory viruses --- coinfections --- health care workers --- Philippines --- rhinovirus --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 --- plasmodium falciparum --- differential diagnosis --- cognitive bias --- diagnostic reasoning --- recurrence --- reinfection --- Bangladesh --- Kenya --- Nairobi --- presumptive tuberculosis --- TB treatment outcomes --- HIV --- antiretroviral therapy --- EpiCollect5 --- Malawi --- Lilongwe --- Zimbabwe --- Harare --- real-time operational research --- ethics --- research capacity building --- India --- Nepal --- post-acute COVID-19 syndrome --- COVID-19 vaccines --- mortality --- epidemiology --- public health --- healthcare workers --- attitudes --- perceptions --- knowledge --- n/a