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Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels.

Technology: general issues --- graphene oxide --- polymer composite fiber --- interfacial bonding --- polypropylene --- thermal stability --- graphene --- unsaturated polyester resins --- tung oil --- biobased polymer nanocomposites --- in situ melt polycondensation --- graphene polymer matrix composite --- polyamide 66 --- elongational flow --- hydrogen bond --- poly(trimethylene terephthalate) --- electrospinning --- composite fiber --- morphology --- crystallization --- electrical conductivity --- mechanical property --- elastic recovery --- cellulose nanofibers --- polyvinyl alcohol --- directional freeze-drying --- oil absorption --- graphene oxide–platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- prostate cancer --- cytotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- DNA damage --- conducting polymer --- PANI --- LEIS --- corrosion --- fabric --- cellulose nanocrystal --- thermal conductivity --- adhesives --- cohesive zone model --- finite element method --- graphene-polymer nanocomposite --- graphene/polymer interface --- molecular dynamics --- regressive softening law --- polysulfone foams --- tortuosity --- water vapor induced phase separation --- scCO2 --- toughening mechanisms --- graphene nanoplatelets --- recycled rubber --- Halpin–Tsai --- SEM --- light emitting diode --- phototherapy --- polyethylene glycol --- thermal reduction --- n/a --- graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- Halpin-Tsai

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Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels.

Technology: general issues --- graphene oxide --- polymer composite fiber --- interfacial bonding --- polypropylene --- thermal stability --- graphene --- unsaturated polyester resins --- tung oil --- biobased polymer nanocomposites --- in situ melt polycondensation --- graphene polymer matrix composite --- polyamide 66 --- elongational flow --- hydrogen bond --- poly(trimethylene terephthalate) --- electrospinning --- composite fiber --- morphology --- crystallization --- electrical conductivity --- mechanical property --- elastic recovery --- cellulose nanofibers --- polyvinyl alcohol --- directional freeze-drying --- oil absorption --- graphene oxide–platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- prostate cancer --- cytotoxicity --- oxidative stress --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- DNA damage --- conducting polymer --- PANI --- LEIS --- corrosion --- fabric --- cellulose nanocrystal --- thermal conductivity --- adhesives --- cohesive zone model --- finite element method --- graphene-polymer nanocomposite --- graphene/polymer interface --- molecular dynamics --- regressive softening law --- polysulfone foams --- tortuosity --- water vapor induced phase separation --- scCO2 --- toughening mechanisms --- graphene nanoplatelets --- recycled rubber --- Halpin–Tsai --- SEM --- light emitting diode --- phototherapy --- polyethylene glycol --- thermal reduction --- n/a --- graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites --- Halpin-Tsai

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In the anatomical sciences, it has long been recognized that the human body displays a range of morphological patterns and arrangements, often termed “anatomical variation”. Variations are relatively common throughout the body and may cause or contribute to significant medical conditions. An understanding of normal anatomical variation is vital for performing a broad range of surgical and other medical procedures and treatment modalities. However, despite their importance to effective diagnosis and treatment, such variations are often overlooked in medical school curricula and clinical practice. Recent advances in imaging techniques and a renewed interest in variation in dissection-based gross anatomy laboratories have facilitated the identification of many such variants. The aim of this Special Issue of Diagnostics is to highlight previously under-recognized anatomical variations and to discuss them in a clinical context. In particular, this Special Issue focuses on variants that have specific implications for diagnosis and treatment and explores their potential consequences. The scope of this Special Issue includes studies on gross anatomy, radiology, surgical anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy.

median arcuate ligament syndrome --- celiac artery --- celiac artery compression syndrome --- diaphragm --- superior mesenteric artery --- anatomy and histology --- foot --- nails --- nail matrix --- toe joint --- tendons --- toe phalanges --- nail deformity --- anatomic landmarks --- radial nerve --- variation --- order of innervation --- posterior interosseous nerve --- superficial branch of radial nerve --- forearm --- M sternalis --- anatomic variation --- learning strategies --- aberrant obturator artery --- internal iliac branching variations --- external iliac branching variations --- anatomical variations --- First metatarsal head --- radiological health --- metatarsal bones --- retroesophageal right subclavian artery --- aberrant subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- dysphagia lusoria --- kinked vertebral artery --- artery tortuosity --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- recurrent laryngeal nerve --- inferior thyroid artery --- ACDF --- thyroidectomy --- jawbone --- cancellous bone density --- cortical bone thickness --- dental cone-beam computed tomography --- dental implant site --- hereditary multiple exostoses --- tibia --- fibula --- ankle --- valgus --- anatomographical variation --- sphenoid sinus --- septation --- pneumatization --- Ethiopian population --- anatomical landmarks --- pelvic lymph nodes --- gynecologic oncology --- pelvic lymphadenectomy --- bulbs of the vestibule --- midline episiotomy --- mediolateral episiotomy --- perineal nerve --- anatomy --- anatomical variation --- special issues

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This volume deals with novel high-quality research results of a wide class of mathematical models with applications in engineering, nature, and social sciences. Analytical and numeric, deterministic and uncertain dimensions are treated. Complex and multidisciplinary models are treated, including novel techniques of obtaining observation data and pattern recognition. Among the examples of treated problems, we encounter problems in engineering, social sciences, physics, biology, and health sciences. The novelty arises with respect to the mathematical treatment of the problem. Mathematical models are built, some of them under a deterministic approach, and other ones taking into account the uncertainty of the data, deriving random models. Several resulting mathematical representations of the models are shown as equations and systems of equations of different types: difference equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integral equations, and algebraic equations. Across the chapters of the book, a wide class of approaches can be found to solve the displayed mathematical models, from analytical to numeric techniques, such as finite difference schemes, finite volume methods, iteration schemes, and numerical integration methods.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- mathematical modeling --- infiltration well --- differential equations --- porous medium --- fractal conductivity model --- incomplete rankings --- Kendall’s tau --- permutation graph --- competitive balance --- Spotify --- collocation --- volterra integral equation --- highly oscillatory --- convergence --- areal porosity --- volumetric porosity --- fractal area-volume relationship --- tortuosity factor --- joint probability --- corrugated box printing machine --- modified Delphi method --- analytic network process (ANP) --- supplier --- nonlinear system --- iterative method --- divided difference operator --- stability --- parameter plane --- dynamical plane --- random hyperbolic model --- random laplace transform --- numerical integration --- monte carlo method --- numerical simulation --- talbot algorithm --- stochastic perturbations --- random nonlinear oscillator --- maximum entropy principle --- probability density function --- stationary Gaussian noise --- random mean square parabolic model --- finite degree of randomness --- random finite difference scheme --- relativistic harmonic oscillator --- kinematics of a particle --- special relativity --- nonlinear problems in mechanics --- equations of motion in gravitational theory --- virus propagation --- stochastic modeling --- Gillespie algorithm --- conservative formulation --- multidimensional fragmentation equation --- weight functions --- finite volume scheme --- contamination plume --- advection-diffusion --- universal curves --- Dirichlet-to-Neumann map --- Schrödinger operator --- contagion effect --- difference equation --- elections --- labor condition --- mathematical compartmental discrete model --- political corruption --- revolving doors --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- numerical methods --- integro-interpolation method --- splitting method --- convergence of models --- standard deviation of the error --- diabetic retinopathy --- ocular fundus --- laser coagulation --- optical coherence tomography --- image processing --- segmentation --- safe treatment --- Hermite interpolation --- nodal systems --- unit circle --- circular membrane --- fluid-structure interaction --- differential-integral equations --- power series method --- closed-form solution --- time series model --- wavelet transform --- ARIMA model --- neural network NARX --- ionospheric parameters --- courtyard --- climate change --- microclimate --- Support Vector Regression (SVR) --- machine learning --- matrix functions --- matrix hyperbolic tangent --- matrix exponential --- Taylor series --- matrix polynomial evaluation --- n/a --- Kendall's tau --- Schrödinger operator

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This volume deals with novel high-quality research results of a wide class of mathematical models with applications in engineering, nature, and social sciences. Analytical and numeric, deterministic and uncertain dimensions are treated. Complex and multidisciplinary models are treated, including novel techniques of obtaining observation data and pattern recognition. Among the examples of treated problems, we encounter problems in engineering, social sciences, physics, biology, and health sciences. The novelty arises with respect to the mathematical treatment of the problem. Mathematical models are built, some of them under a deterministic approach, and other ones taking into account the uncertainty of the data, deriving random models. Several resulting mathematical representations of the models are shown as equations and systems of equations of different types: difference equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integral equations, and algebraic equations. Across the chapters of the book, a wide class of approaches can be found to solve the displayed mathematical models, from analytical to numeric techniques, such as finite difference schemes, finite volume methods, iteration schemes, and numerical integration methods.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- mathematical modeling --- infiltration well --- differential equations --- porous medium --- fractal conductivity model --- incomplete rankings --- Kendall’s tau --- permutation graph --- competitive balance --- Spotify --- collocation --- volterra integral equation --- highly oscillatory --- convergence --- areal porosity --- volumetric porosity --- fractal area-volume relationship --- tortuosity factor --- joint probability --- corrugated box printing machine --- modified Delphi method --- analytic network process (ANP) --- supplier --- nonlinear system --- iterative method --- divided difference operator --- stability --- parameter plane --- dynamical plane --- random hyperbolic model --- random laplace transform --- numerical integration --- monte carlo method --- numerical simulation --- talbot algorithm --- stochastic perturbations --- random nonlinear oscillator --- maximum entropy principle --- probability density function --- stationary Gaussian noise --- random mean square parabolic model --- finite degree of randomness --- random finite difference scheme --- relativistic harmonic oscillator --- kinematics of a particle --- special relativity --- nonlinear problems in mechanics --- equations of motion in gravitational theory --- virus propagation --- stochastic modeling --- Gillespie algorithm --- conservative formulation --- multidimensional fragmentation equation --- weight functions --- finite volume scheme --- contamination plume --- advection-diffusion --- universal curves --- Dirichlet-to-Neumann map --- Schrödinger operator --- contagion effect --- difference equation --- elections --- labor condition --- mathematical compartmental discrete model --- political corruption --- revolving doors --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- numerical methods --- integro-interpolation method --- splitting method --- convergence of models --- standard deviation of the error --- diabetic retinopathy --- ocular fundus --- laser coagulation --- optical coherence tomography --- image processing --- segmentation --- safe treatment --- Hermite interpolation --- nodal systems --- unit circle --- circular membrane --- fluid-structure interaction --- differential-integral equations --- power series method --- closed-form solution --- time series model --- wavelet transform --- ARIMA model --- neural network NARX --- ionospheric parameters --- courtyard --- climate change --- microclimate --- Support Vector Regression (SVR) --- machine learning --- matrix functions --- matrix hyperbolic tangent --- matrix exponential --- Taylor series --- matrix polynomial evaluation --- n/a --- Kendall's tau --- Schrödinger operator