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In the last decade, research on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has significantly advanced our understanding of the effect of CAP on cancer cells and their potential for cancer treatment. This effect is due to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created by plasma. This has been demonstrated for different cancer cell lines and the first clinical trials showed promising results. In addition, plasma could be combined with other treatments—such as immunotherapy—to boost its anticancer activity. The addition of new research tools to study the response of cancer cells to CAP—such as 3D in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models and in silico approaches—as well as the use of -OMICS technologies could aid in unravelling the underlying mechanisms of CAP in cancer treatment. In order to progress towards widespread clinical application of CAP, an integrated study of the multidimensional effect of CAP in cancer treatment is essential. In this book, reviews and original research papers are published that provide new insights into the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma in cancer treatment, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, clinical studies, as well as computer modeling.

Medicine --- cell adhesion --- plasma medicine --- oncology --- cold atmospheric plasma --- selectivity --- plasma-treated liquid --- dielectric barrier discharge --- pancreatic cancer --- pancreatic stellate cells --- immunogenic cell death --- dendritic cells --- cell communication --- extracellular matrix (ECM) --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) --- tumour microenvironment (TME) --- extracellular vesicles --- communication junctions --- three-dimensional in vitro culture models --- apoptosis --- breast cancer --- genome-wide expression --- reactive oxygen species --- anticancer drugs --- screening --- tumor spheroids --- combination therapy --- kINPen --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- ROS --- cancer --- non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) --- indirect treatment --- plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline --- electroporation --- electric pulses --- pulsed electric field amplitude --- melanoma --- long-lived reactive species --- bone cancer --- osteosarcoma --- reactive species --- plasma-activated liquid --- Ringer’s saline --- organotypic model --- nonthermal biocompatible plasma --- soft jet plasma --- human glioblastoma --- p38/MAPK pathway --- tissue penetration --- non-thermal plasma --- non-invasive plasma treatment (NIPP) --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) --- Raman imaging --- Raman microspectroscopy --- Plasma lipid interactions --- cold physical plasma --- radiation therapy --- radio-frequency discharge --- PARP-inhibitor --- olaparib --- DNA-damage --- gold quantum dots --- plasma --- nanomaterials --- cellular uptake --- invasiveness --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma --- plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate solution --- ovarian cancer --- cytotoxicity --- plasma-activated liquids --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- high frequency electrosurgery --- plasma treatment --- cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) --- free radicals --- cancer selectivity --- cervical cancer treatment --- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia --- cholangiocarcinoma --- cold plasma --- innovative therapy --- tumor cells --- macrophages --- plasma selectivity --- plasma jet --- n/a --- Ringer's saline --- plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution

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Metabolomics is increasingly being used to explore the dynamic responses of living systems in biochemical research. The complexity of the metabolome is outstanding, requiring the use of complementary analytical platforms and methods for its quantitative or qualitative profiling. In alignment with the selected analytical approach and the study aim, sample collection and preparation are critical steps that must be carefully selected and optimized to generate high-quality metabolomic data. This book showcases some of the most recent developments in the field of sample preparation for metabolomics studies. Novel technologies presented include electromembrane extraction of polar metabolites from plasma samples and guidelines for the preparation of biospecimens for the analysis with high-resolution μ magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-μMAS NMR). In the following chapters, the spotlight is on sample preparation approaches that have been optimized for diverse bioanalytical applications, including the analysis of cell lines, bacteria, single spheroids, extracellular vesicles, human milk, plant natural products and forest trees.

Medicine --- metabolomics --- sample preparation --- hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography --- ion mobility spectrometry --- high resolution mass spectrometry --- design of experiments --- AMOPLS --- metabonomics --- metabolic profiling --- NMR --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- cell line --- human cell line --- MiaPaCa-2 --- Panc-1 --- AsPC-1 --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- biomarkers --- diagnostics --- metabolic pathways --- plant metabolomics --- forestry --- trees --- mass spectrometry --- metabolite extraction --- GC-MS --- LC-MS --- metadata standardization --- databases --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- metallodrugs --- oxaliplatin --- KP1339 --- method development --- IT-139 --- 20% FCS --- harvesting --- extraction --- metabolites --- normalization --- electromembrane extraction --- cardiovascular disease --- multi-segment injection --- capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry --- liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry --- plant natural products --- drug discovery --- liquid chromatography --- gas chromatography --- human milk --- metabolome --- sampling --- liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- capillary electrophoresis—mass spectrometry (CE-MS) --- high-resolution magic angle spinning --- microscopic samples --- lipidomics --- LC-MS/MS --- human plasma

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Metabolomics is increasingly being used to explore the dynamic responses of living systems in biochemical research. The complexity of the metabolome is outstanding, requiring the use of complementary analytical platforms and methods for its quantitative or qualitative profiling. In alignment with the selected analytical approach and the study aim, sample collection and preparation are critical steps that must be carefully selected and optimized to generate high-quality metabolomic data. This book showcases some of the most recent developments in the field of sample preparation for metabolomics studies. Novel technologies presented include electromembrane extraction of polar metabolites from plasma samples and guidelines for the preparation of biospecimens for the analysis with high-resolution μ magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-μMAS NMR). In the following chapters, the spotlight is on sample preparation approaches that have been optimized for diverse bioanalytical applications, including the analysis of cell lines, bacteria, single spheroids, extracellular vesicles, human milk, plant natural products and forest trees.

metabolomics --- sample preparation --- hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography --- ion mobility spectrometry --- high resolution mass spectrometry --- design of experiments --- AMOPLS --- metabonomics --- metabolic profiling --- NMR --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- cell line --- human cell line --- MiaPaCa-2 --- Panc-1 --- AsPC-1 --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- biomarkers --- diagnostics --- metabolic pathways --- plant metabolomics --- forestry --- trees --- mass spectrometry --- metabolite extraction --- GC-MS --- LC-MS --- metadata standardization --- databases --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- metallodrugs --- oxaliplatin --- KP1339 --- method development --- IT-139 --- 20% FCS --- harvesting --- extraction --- metabolites --- normalization --- electromembrane extraction --- cardiovascular disease --- multi-segment injection --- capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry --- liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry --- plant natural products --- drug discovery --- liquid chromatography --- gas chromatography --- human milk --- metabolome --- sampling --- liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- capillary electrophoresis—mass spectrometry (CE-MS) --- high-resolution magic angle spinning --- microscopic samples --- lipidomics --- LC-MS/MS --- human plasma

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The Special Issue "Anticancer Drugs 2021" of Pharmaceuticals is focused on recent significant advances in the design, synthesis, molecular mechanism of action and therapeutic applications of anticancer drugs. This collection of preclinical research papers and reviews includes designed chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies and biological agents. The rationalization for the biological activity of these drugs is presented, which helps to guide the design of more effective agents. Structure–activity relationships, together with the biological context in which targets are selected for oncology drug development, are also considered.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- thymidylate synthase --- cytotoxicity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- 1,3,4-oxadiazole --- 5-fluoruracil --- pemetrexed --- docking --- 3,4′-bis-guanidino --- 3-amino-4′-guanidino --- diphenyl ether --- phenyl pyridyl ether --- intramolecular hydrogen bond --- cancer cell viability --- HL-60 --- BRAF --- apoptosis --- thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine --- acetamide --- H1299 --- HER2 --- EGFR --- Bcl-2 inhibitors --- Indole-based analogues --- benzimidazole --- MTT cytotoxic assay --- cell cycle analysis --- DNA fragmentation --- ELISA --- solid/lipid nanoparticles --- phenstatin --- letrozole --- tubulin polymerisation inhibitor --- aromatase inhibitor --- breast cancer --- hybrid molecule --- dual-targeting molecule --- designed multiple ligand --- NaMSA --- cyclophosphamide --- histopathology --- testis --- urinary bladder --- anticancer agents --- enantioselective synthesis --- gastric adenocarcinoma --- tryptophanol --- concentration-guided dosing --- model informed dosing --- physiologically based pharmacokinetics --- sorafenib --- tyrosil-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 --- adamantane --- resin acid --- TDP1 --- cytotoxic agents --- apoptosis induction --- HT-29 cells --- MDA-MB-231 cells --- mechanism prediction --- STAT inhibitors --- miR-21 --- hydrazide derivatives --- nitrogen scaffolds --- mitoxantrone --- cardiotoxicity --- inflammation --- oxidative stress --- age --- cumulative dose --- Trk --- NTRK --- tissue-agnostic --- larotrectinib --- entrectinib --- Trk fusion --- protein kinase inhibitors --- USFDA --- cancer --- patent review --- generic product --- doxazosin --- MD simulations --- combretastatin A-4 --- cytotoxic activity --- hybrid compounds --- indazole --- mucin --- MUC1 --- MUC16 --- immunotherapy --- cancer vaccine --- CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) --- ADC (antibody-drug conjugate) --- thiourea --- interleukin-6 --- trypan blue assay --- chalcones --- exportin-1 --- covalent binding --- CovDock --- anticancer activity --- xanthone --- in vitro --- in vivo --- isolation --- synthesis --- heterocyclic compound --- benzenesulfonamides --- imidazoles --- alkylated --- colony formation --- tumor spheroids --- HDAC inhibitors --- chalcone --- dual inhibitors --- carvedilol --- kidney --- toxicity --- 7-deaza-4′-thioadenosine derivatives --- multi-kinase inhibitor --- anticancer --- nucleoside --- Imiquimod --- drug efflux --- multidrug resistance --- Toll-Like Receptor --- n/a --- 3,4'-bis-guanidino --- 3-amino-4'-guanidino --- 7-deaza-4'-thioadenosine derivatives

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This special issue brings together cutting edge research and insightful commentary on the currentl state of the Cancer Nanomedicine field.

Technology: general issues --- antibody drug conjugate (ADC) --- PD-L1 --- tumor spheroid disruption --- immune modulation --- doxorubicin --- graphene oxide --- adsorption --- cathepsin D --- cathepsin L --- anti-metastatic enzyme cancer therapy --- nanoparticles --- targeted delivery system --- siRNA --- osteopontin --- mammary carcinoma --- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) --- TAT peptide --- PLGA --- paclitaxel --- nano-engineered MSCs --- orthotopic lung tumor model --- intracranial glioma --- immunotherapy --- CPMV --- viral nanoparticles --- in situ vaccine --- albumin nanoparticles --- microbubble --- ultrasound --- theranostics --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- VX2 tumor --- intra-arterial chemotherapy --- lung cancer --- nanomedicine --- clinical status --- cancer therapy --- breast cancer --- cell signaling --- active targeting --- passive targeting --- EPR effect --- oncogenes --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery --- ligand --- tumor targeting --- biodistribution --- Mesoporous silica nanoparticle --- drug delivery system --- target treatment --- lanthanide metal --- hyaluronic acid --- hyaluronidase --- drug combination --- everolimus --- dual-targeting --- magnetic nanoparticles --- monoclonal antibodies --- nanostructured lipid carrier --- platelet membrane --- biomimicry --- plasmonic photothermal therapy --- gold nanorods --- surgery --- bleeding --- dogs --- cats --- stimuli-responsive --- DOX --- SN38 --- CSCs --- single-walled carbon nanotubes --- chirality separation --- NASH --- drug-gene delivery --- near IR hyperspectral imaging --- plasmonics --- copper --- VEGF --- glioblastoma --- differentiated neuroblastoma --- peptidomimetics --- real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) --- actin --- combinatorial therapy --- anticancer and antibacterial activity --- temoporfin --- drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome --- hybrid nanoparticles --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- cyclodextrins --- photodynamic therapy article --- yet reasonably common within the subject discipline --- antitumor strategy --- biomimetic core–shell nanoparticles --- NK cell-derived exosomes --- folate receptor --- albumin nanoparticle --- microfluidic --- cabazitaxel --- polydopamine nanoparticles --- size --- cytotoxicity --- iron affinity --- FA-DABA-SMA --- self-assembly --- oncogenic proteins --- intracellular disruption --- folic receptor alpha --- pancreatic cancer --- parvifloron D --- albumin --- erlotinib --- photodynamic therapy --- lipid nanoparticles --- tumor vectorization --- verteporfin --- ovarian carcinomatosis --- spheroids --- integrin --- RGD peptide --- cancer diagnosis --- radiotherapy --- hyperthermia therapy --- biomimetic --- nanocarrier --- membrane-wrapped --- cancer --- targeted delivery --- photothermal therapy --- imaging --- cancer nanomedicine --- tumor microenvironment --- nano–bio interactions --- clinical translation --- magnetic nanowires --- magnetic hyperthermia --- magnetic actuation --- magnetic drug targeting --- titanate nanotubes --- gold nanoparticles --- vectorization --- colloidal stability --- docetaxel --- prostate cancer --- mangiferin --- anti-topoisomerase activity --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- chemico-physical functionalization --- loading --- translational medicine --- nanotechnology: bioengineering --- anacardic acid --- mitoxantrone --- targeted drug delivery --- liposomes --- melanoma --- apoptosis --- ascorbic acid --- angiogenesis --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- immunosuppression --- metabolism --- nanotherapeutics --- tumour microenvironment --- DNA origami --- liposome --- remote loading --- acute toxicity --- organoids --- magnetic silica-coated iron oxide nanochains --- photothermal treatment --- hyperthermia --- collagen --- cellular microenvironment --- lymphadenectomy --- magnetometer --- sentinel lymph node dissection --- SPION --- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles --- Vδ2 T cells --- zoledronic acid --- polymeric nanoconstruct --- anti-tumor immunity --- colorectal carcinoma --- β-cyclodextrin nanosponges --- BALB-neuT mice --- brain tumours --- glioma --- blood brain barrier --- polymeric nanoparticles --- PEGylation --- dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine --- poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-allyl methyl sulfide) copolymer --- folate --- oxidation-sensitive release --- cellular interaction --- in vitro anti-cancer activity --- triple negative breast cancer --- organotin --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- MDA-MB-231 --- theranostic nanomaterials --- nanobiotechnology --- molecular imaging --- nanosystems --- nanomicelles --- ovarian cancer --- tumour targeting --- chemotherapeutics --- riboflavin --- vitamin B2 --- nanomedicines --- secondary structure --- mixed micelle --- pH responsive --- targeted therapy --- anti-cancer --- shear stress --- flow --- in vitro --- therapeutics --- diagnostics --- Immunotherapy