Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Cardiology and cardiovascular sciences are two rapidly growing areas in medicine, with heart diseases being the number one cause of death worldwide. The last four decades have witnessed many developments in various cardiological sciences, including coronary artery disease, valve disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, and cardiovascular imaging, with a number of newly developed concepts, such as cardio-oncology, cardio-renal diseases, and preventive cardiology. This Special Issue (SI) of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “JCM-Advances in Cardiology”, focuses on recent advances in the cardiological sciences. It published 8 research articles of significant clinical and scientific value.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction --- COVID-19 --- primary percutaneous intervention --- Coptic clergy --- mortality --- cardiovascular risk factors --- prevalence --- major adverse events --- obesity --- ACE2 --- renin–angiotensin system --- extraction --- reimplantation --- pacing --- ICD --- CRT --- dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) --- LMNA --- lamin A --- lamin C --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- myocarditis --- arrhythmias --- telemonitoring --- implantable cardioverter defibrillator --- implantable loop recorder --- Holter ECG --- metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) --- hepatic steatosis --- SteatoTest --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- visfatin --- cardiovascular disease --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this book, we have reported the most recent discoveries and updates regarding molecular pathways in osteoarthritis. In particular, the advances regarding therapeutical options, from a molecular point of view, are largely discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- osteoarthritis --- cartilage --- type II collagen --- matrix metalloproteinases --- MMP-13 --- regulation --- inhibitor --- NO synthase --- Interleukin-1β --- chondrocytes --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- mesenchimal stem cells --- chondrocytic commitment --- autophagy --- miRNAs --- hydrostatic pressure --- adipokines --- visfatin --- Wnt/β-catenin --- mechanical loading --- obesity --- microRNA --- oxidative stress --- vibrational spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- infrared spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- early diagnosis --- exercise --- physical activity --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- inflammation --- aging --- inflammaging --- osteochondral explant culture --- joint modelling --- pharmacological assay --- native tissue analysis --- hexosamine biosynthetic pathway --- cartilage trauma --- post-traumatic osteoarthritis --- O-GlcNAcylation --- glucosamine --- cell death --- therapy --- sex as a biological variable --- whole transcriptome sequencing --- molecules --- TGF-β --- SMAD2/3 signaling --- linker modifications --- meniscus --- proteomics --- MRM --- ECM --- celecoxib --- glucosamine sulfate --- chondroprotection --- NF-κB --- cytokines --- chemokines --- pathogenesis --- biomarker --- chondrocyte --- IL-1β --- IFNγ, IL-17 --- IL-4 --- RNA-Seq --- hypertrophy --- remodeling --- angiogenesis --- chondroitin --- collagen --- methylsulfonylmethane --- vitamin C --- vitamin D --- hyaluronic acid

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are 19–24 nucleotides in length, following maturation. Recent evidence has demonstrated their key role as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression through the binding of specific sequences within target messenger RNA (mRNA). miRNAs are involved in the synthesis of a very large number of proteins, and it is speculated that they could regulate up to 30% of the human genome. They control virtually every cellular process and are essential for animal development, cell differentiation, and homeostasis. Altered miRNA expression has been linked to such pathological events as inflammatory, degenerative, or autoimmune processes and have been associated with several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatic and neurological disorders. Recently, miRNAs have been found in many different biological fluids, and this observation suggests the potential of miRNAs as new candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and responsiveness in the treatment of different pathological conditions. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic strategies that involve either restoring or repressing miRNAs expression and activity has attracted much attention. Significant progress has been made in the systems for delivery of miRNAs, even if substantial improvements in this area are still necessary. Although they have been extensively studied, a number of interesting questions regarding the physiological and pathological role of miRNAs have been postulated, and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic role remain yet unanswered. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radical-containing oxygen molecules derived from cellular oxidative metabolism, including enzyme activities and mitochondrial respiration, and play a pivotal role in many cellular functions. Whereas ROS are essential for normal cellular processes, their aberrant production, or failure of the capacity to scavenge excessive ROS, induces an altered redox status with excessive synthesis of free radicals, leading to an imbalance in the redox environment of the cell. The loss of normal ROS levels causes lipid, protein, and DNA damage, which contribute to the development of various pathologies including neurological disorders, rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Increasing evidence highlights that there is crosstalk between miRNAs and components of redox signaling, even if this complex and the characteristics of mutual interaction need to be amply elucidated. Hence, both miRNAs and oxidative stress are involved in the multifactorial development and progression of acute and chronic diseases by influencing numerous signaling and metabolic pathways. The Special Issue entitled "Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology" of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences includes original articles and reviews that provide new insights into the interaction between miRNAs and oxidative stress under normal and pathological conditions which can assist in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contribution. I hope this Special Issue will provide readers with updated knowledge about the role of miRNAs and oxidative stress in physiology and pathology.

Medicine --- miR-27a-5p --- acute myocardial infarction --- autophagy --- apoptosis --- hypoxia --- MicroRNA (miRNA) --- miR526b --- miR655 --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- superoxide (SO) --- Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TXNRD1) --- breast cancer --- nucleic acid medicine --- pancreatic cancer --- clinical trial --- siRNA --- antisense oligonucleotide --- MicroRNA --- signal transduction --- therapeutic target --- miRNAs --- ROS --- noncoding RNA --- microRNA --- long noncoding RNA --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- nitrosative stress. exosome --- cross-talk --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- visfatin --- resistin --- osteoarthritis --- synovial fibroblasts --- synovitis --- NF-κB --- thyroid hormone --- liver cancer --- metabolism --- physiology --- ASH --- NAFLD --- NASH --- HCC --- HCV --- HBV --- endometriosis --- high-grade serous ovarian cancer --- endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- chemoresistance --- antioxidants --- miRNA --- cancer --- diabetes --- beta cells --- microRNAs --- translation regulation --- neurodegeneration --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Parkinson’s disease --- Huntington’s disease --- ALS --- reactive oxygen species --- redox signaling --- therapeutic tolerance --- therapeutic resistance --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease --- Huntington's disease

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this book, we have reported the most recent discoveries and updates regarding molecular pathways in osteoarthritis. In particular, the advances regarding therapeutical options, from a molecular point of view, are largely discussed.

osteoarthritis --- cartilage --- type II collagen --- matrix metalloproteinases --- MMP-13 --- regulation --- inhibitor --- NO synthase --- Interleukin-1β --- chondrocytes --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- mesenchimal stem cells --- chondrocytic commitment --- autophagy --- miRNAs --- hydrostatic pressure --- adipokines --- visfatin --- Wnt/β-catenin --- mechanical loading --- obesity --- microRNA --- oxidative stress --- vibrational spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- infrared spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- early diagnosis --- exercise --- physical activity --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- inflammation --- aging --- inflammaging --- osteochondral explant culture --- joint modelling --- pharmacological assay --- native tissue analysis --- hexosamine biosynthetic pathway --- cartilage trauma --- post-traumatic osteoarthritis --- O-GlcNAcylation --- glucosamine --- cell death --- therapy --- sex as a biological variable --- whole transcriptome sequencing --- molecules --- TGF-β --- SMAD2/3 signaling --- linker modifications --- meniscus --- proteomics --- MRM --- ECM --- celecoxib --- glucosamine sulfate --- chondroprotection --- NF-κB --- cytokines --- chemokines --- pathogenesis --- biomarker --- chondrocyte --- IL-1β --- IFNγ, IL-17 --- IL-4 --- RNA-Seq --- hypertrophy --- remodeling --- angiogenesis --- chondroitin --- collagen --- methylsulfonylmethane --- vitamin C --- vitamin D --- hyaluronic acid

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 different types, the most common of which are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear and no cure exists. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis but are associated with significant side effects. Novel modes of therapy and additional prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for arthritis patients. This book summarizes and discusses the global picture of the current understanding of arthritis.

receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B --- infliximab --- tripterine --- triptolide --- osteoblast --- tumor necrosis factor-alpha --- synovial cell --- anti-arthritis --- biosimilars --- Epstein-Barr virus --- cytokines --- SOX9 --- parathyroid hormone --- nitric oxide --- rat --- etanercept --- angiogenesis --- glycosylation --- mitogen activated protein kinase --- Th9 lymphocytes --- rheumatoid arthritis --- IL-6 --- clodronate --- bone erosion --- mesenchymal stem cells --- collagen-induced arthritis --- biological --- gene expression --- inflammatory arthritis --- osteoarthritis --- fraxinellone --- nuclear factor kappa B --- messenger RNA --- inflammation --- miRNA --- disease-modifying --- adipokines --- WNT --- glycoprotein 42 --- miR-199a-5p --- proliferation --- next-generation sequencing --- collagen --- osteoarthritis (OA) --- experimental arthritis --- bone morphogenetic protein --- TNF-? --- computational modeling --- basic research --- osteoclast --- therapeutics --- certolizumab pegol --- chondrocytes --- progenitor cells --- adjuvant arthritis --- adalimumab --- triterpenoid --- sclareol --- TNF? --- fibroblast growth factor 2 --- antibodies --- osteoblasts --- molecular pathology --- Th17 --- immunology --- obesity --- visfatin --- articular cartilage --- autoimmune --- biomarkers --- celastrol --- MAPK --- disease pathways --- IL1? --- arthritis --- bioinformatics --- anticitrullinated peptide antibodies --- drug delivery system --- antagonists --- shared epitope --- pathology --- SMA- and MAD-related protein --- small-molecule inhibitor --- transforming growth factor ? --- mice --- golimumab --- spinal fusion --- antirheumatic drug --- early osteoarthritis --- stem cell --- rheumatoid factor --- therapeutic antibody --- bisphosphonate --- osteoclastogenesis --- interleukin --- spondyloarthropathies --- clinical translation --- therapy --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- chemokines --- structure --- cell signaling --- microRNA