Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Doelstelling: De doelstelling van deze masterproef bestaat erin om een experimenteel onderzoek op te stellen dat wil nagaan of iemands competentieniveau in de tweede taal bepaald kan worden aan de hand van het 'neighbourhood size effect'. Dit effect houdt in dat woorden met veel buren (woorden die 1 letter van elkaar verschillen zonder plaatsverandering van de letters) sneller herkend worden dan woorden met weinig buren. Er wordt verwacht dat hoe meer iemand onderlegd is in zijn tweede taal, hoe groter dit effect zal zijn. In het eerste deel van deze masterproef vindt u een literatuurstudie over het neighbourhood size effect met theoretische implicaties voor modellen van visuele woordherkenning. Het tweede deel bestaat uit de opstelling van het experimentele onderzoek, inclusief de selectie van proefpersonen en stimuli. Middelen of methode: De onderzoeksvraag wordt getest aan de hand van de lexicale beslissingstaak waarbij proefpersonen moeten beslissen of een gegeven lettercombinatie een Engels woord vormt of niet. Competentie in de tweede taal (Engels) is de onafhankelijk variabele en wordt gemanipuleerd door de proefpersonen in te delen in drie groepen: (a) een groep met een hoog competentieniveau in het Engels, (b) een groep met een gemiddeld competentieniveau in het Engels en (c) een groep met een laag competentieniveau in het Engels. De competentieniveaus zijn gebaseerd op de drie hoofdindelingen van het Common European Framework of Reference. De verwachting is dat het neighbourhood size effect groter zal zijn in de a-groep dan in de b- en c-groep. Het neighbourhood size effect is dus de afhankelijk variabele en wordt gemeten door de reactietijden van beide stimulicondities (stimuli met veel buren enerzijds en stimuli met weinig buren anderzijds) te vergelijken. Alle stimuli zijn Engelse woorden of niet-woorden en werden geselecteerd aan de hand van het WordGen programma. Resultaten: Deze studie biedt geen concrete onderzoeksresultaten maar wel een literatuurstudie met theoretische achtergrond en de voorbereiding van het experimentele onderzoek. De verwachte resultaten en eventuele kritieken en/of alternatieven worden besproken in de discussie.

(Contrastieve) taalkundige studie. --- Experimental psychology. --- Lexical decision task. --- Models of visual word recognition. --- Neighbourhood size effect. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Second language proficiency. --- Visual word recognition.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"Reading is at the interface between the vision and spoken language domains. An emergent bulk of research indicates that learning to read strongly impacts on non-linguistic visual object processing, both at the behavioral level (e.g., on mirror image processing-enantiomorphy-) and at the brain level (e.g., inducing top-down effects as well as neural competition effects). Yet, many questions regarding the exact nature, locus, and consequences of these effects remain hitherto unanswered. The current Special Topic aims at contributing to the understanding of how such a cultural activity as reading might modulate visual processing by providing a landmark forum in which researchers define the state of the art and future directions on this issue. We thus welcome reviews of current work, original research, and opinion articles that focus on the impact of literacy on the cognitive and/or brain visual processes. In addition to studies directly focusing on this topic, we will consider as highly relevant evidence on reading and visual processes in typical and atypical development, including in adult people differing in schooling and literacy, as well as in neuropsychological cases (e.g., developmental dyslexia). We also encourage researchers on nonhuman primate visual processing to consider the potential contribution of their studies to this Special Topic" -- page 2.

Reading, Psychology of. --- Visual perception --- Research. --- visual word recognition --- developmental dyslexia --- face recognition --- literacy acquisition --- Reading development --- visual object recognition --- Letter processing --- Visual Processing

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A revelatory tale of how the human brain develops, from conception to birth and beyondBy the time a baby is born, its brain is equipped with billions of intricately crafted neurons wired together through trillions of interconnections to form a compact and breathtakingly efficient supercomputer. Zero to Birth takes you on an extraordinary journey to the very edge of creation, from the moment of an egg’s fertilization through each step of a human brain’s development in the womb—and even a little beyond.As pioneering experimental neurobiologist W. A. Harris guides you through the process of how the brain is built, he takes up the biggest questions that scientists have asked about the developing brain, describing many of the thrilling discoveries that were foundational to our current understanding. He weaves in a remarkable evolutionary story that begins billions of years ago in the Proterozoic eon, when multicellular animals first emerged from single-cell organisms, and reveals how the growth of a fetal brain over nine months reflects the brain’s evolution through the ages. Our brains have much in common with those of other animals, and Harris offers an illuminating look at how comparative animal studies have been crucial to understanding what makes a human brain human.An unforgettable chronicle of one of nature’s greatest achievements, Zero to Birth describes how the brain’s incredible feat of orchestrated growth ensures that every brain is unique, and how breakthroughs at the frontiers of science are helping us to decode many traits that only reveal themselves later in life.

SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience. --- Action potential. --- Agrin. --- Angiogenesis. --- Antibody. --- Apoptosis. --- Astrocyte. --- Axon guidance. --- Axon. --- Blastula. --- Brain asymmetry. --- Broca's area. --- Cancer cell. --- Cell type. --- Cerebral atrophy. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chemical synapse. --- Critical period. --- Cyclopamine. --- Degenerative disease. --- Dendrite. --- Down syndrome. --- Ectoderm. --- Embryo. --- Embryology. --- Endocrinology. --- Eric Knudsen. --- Evolution. --- FOXP2. --- Filopodia. --- Forebrain. --- Ganglion cell. --- Gastrulation. --- Gene. --- Growth cone. --- Hans Spemann. --- Hebbian theory. --- Hindbrain. --- Hirschsprung's disease. --- Homeosis. --- Hox gene. --- Human brain. --- Immortalised cell line. --- John Gurdon. --- Lancelot Hogben. --- Lateralization of brain function. --- Marian Diamond. --- Midbrain. --- Model organism. --- Morphogen. --- Motor neuron. --- Muscle. --- Myocyte. --- Nematode. --- Nervous tissue. --- Neural crest. --- Neural development. --- Neural plate. --- Neural stem cell. --- Neural tube defect. --- Neural tube. --- Neuroblast. --- Neuroblastoma. --- Neuroepithelial cell. --- Neuroglia. --- Neuroimaging. --- Neuron doctrine. --- Neuron. --- Organoid. --- Petri dish. --- Progenitor cell. --- Proneural genes. --- Protein. --- Protocadherin. --- Purkinje cell. --- Reeler. --- Reelin. --- Renshaw cell. --- Reticular theory. --- Retinoic acid. --- Roel Nusse. --- Ross Granville Harrison. --- Sarcoma. --- Sonic hedgehog. --- Spina bifida. --- Spinal cord. --- Spindle apparatus. --- Stem cell. --- Sydney Brenner. --- Synapsis. --- Synaptic plasticity. --- Thomas Hunt Morgan. --- Thrombospondin. --- Torsten Wiesel. --- Transformation (genetics). --- Twin. --- Vertebrate. --- Visual word form area. --- White blood cell. --- Zygote. --- Brain --- Growth. --- Neuronal Plasticity --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Developmental Biology --- growth & development --- embryology --- physiology