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Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.

History of engineering & technology --- biomass --- xylan --- lignin --- cellulose --- pretreatment --- solid superacid catalyst --- sulfated tin(IV) oxide --- α-pinene partial coupling --- renewable high-density fuel --- biofuel --- biorefinery --- sugar-decomposed --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- waste biomass --- kinetics --- biomass pre-treatment --- green diesel --- renewable diesel --- Ni catalyst --- hydrodeoxygenation --- Cu-promotion effect --- catalysts --- solvents

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Biomass has received significant attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels in the production of value-added chemicals and energy. Many new catalytic technologies have been developed for the conversion of biomass feedstocks into valuable biofuels and bioproducts. However, many of these still suffer from several disadvantages, such as weak catalytic performance, harsh reaction conditions, a high processing cost, and questionable sustainability, which limit their further applicability/development in the immediate future. In this context, the esterification of carboxylic acids represents a very valuable solution to these problems, requiring mild reaction conditions and being advantageously integrable with many existing processes of biomass conversion. An emblematic example is the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal route for levulinic acid production, already upgraded to that of higher value alkyl levulinates, obtained by esterification or directly by biomass alcoholysis. Many other chemical processes benefit from esterification, such as the synthesis of biodiesel, which includes monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids prepared from renewable vegetable oils and animal fats, or that of cellulose esters, mainly acetates, for textile uses. Even pyrolysis bio-oil should be stabilized by esterification to neutralize the acidity of carboxylic acids and moderate the reactivity of other typical biomass-derived compounds, such as sugars, furans, aldehydes, and phenolics. This Special Issue reports on the recent main advances in the homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic conversion of model/real biomass components into ester derivatives that are extremely attractive for both the academic and industrial fields. Dr. Domenico Licursi Guest Editor

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- eugenol --- acetylation --- flint kaolin --- mesoporous aluminosilicate --- functionalization --- heterogeneous catalysis --- n-butyl levulinate --- alcoholysis --- butanolysis --- Eucalyptus nitens --- microwaves --- biorefinery --- diesel blends --- process intensification --- hydrolysis --- solvothermal process --- alkyl levulinate --- levulinic acid --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- furfural --- humins --- biomass ester derivatives --- solvothermal processing --- γ-valerolactone --- Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts --- ABE fermentation --- Ni-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst --- biofuel --- catalytic performance --- sewage scum --- methyl (R)-10-hydroxystearate --- FAMEs --- biodiesel --- estolides --- cardoon --- waste biomass --- bio-fuels --- heterogeneous catalysts --- combustion --- PEG --- transesterification --- eugenol --- acetylation --- flint kaolin --- mesoporous aluminosilicate --- functionalization --- heterogeneous catalysis --- n-butyl levulinate --- alcoholysis --- butanolysis --- Eucalyptus nitens --- microwaves --- biorefinery --- diesel blends --- process intensification --- hydrolysis --- solvothermal process --- alkyl levulinate --- levulinic acid --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- furfural --- humins --- biomass ester derivatives --- solvothermal processing --- γ-valerolactone --- Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts --- ABE fermentation --- Ni-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst --- biofuel --- catalytic performance --- sewage scum --- methyl (R)-10-hydroxystearate --- FAMEs --- biodiesel --- estolides --- cardoon --- waste biomass --- bio-fuels --- heterogeneous catalysts --- combustion --- PEG --- transesterification

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This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.

Research & information: general --- landfill --- leachate treatment --- POME --- removal efficiency --- mixing ratio --- biosorbent --- Ni2+ --- background electrolytes --- kinetic modeling --- biosorption --- biomass --- bioaccumulation --- biocomposite --- pollutants --- metals --- emerging organic contaminants --- dyes --- Spirulina --- alginate --- immobilization --- fixed-bed column --- Mxene–CS composite --- Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution --- Green Synthesis --- treatment of wastewater --- heavy metals --- citrus waste biomass --- bio-sorbent --- pre-treatment --- activated carbon --- batch adsorption --- fixed-bed adsorption column --- n/a --- Mxene-CS composite

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This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.

landfill --- leachate treatment --- POME --- removal efficiency --- mixing ratio --- biosorbent --- Ni2+ --- background electrolytes --- kinetic modeling --- biosorption --- biomass --- bioaccumulation --- biocomposite --- pollutants --- metals --- emerging organic contaminants --- dyes --- Spirulina --- alginate --- immobilization --- fixed-bed column --- Mxene–CS composite --- Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution --- Green Synthesis --- treatment of wastewater --- heavy metals --- citrus waste biomass --- bio-sorbent --- pre-treatment --- activated carbon --- batch adsorption --- fixed-bed adsorption column --- n/a --- Mxene-CS composite

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This book focuses on the utilization of biomass for energy applications and mainly covers the original research and studies related to thermochemical conversion, biological conversion and physical conversion. It contains a summary the current scientific knowledge in the field of biomass utilization, which is the first of its kind in the literature. Energy potentials and different principles of energy transformation from various renewable energy sources (bamboo, wood residue, straw, sorrel, hay, pines, sunflower stalks, hazelnut husks, quinoa, camelina, crambe, safflower, muscantus and municipal sewage sludge, among others) are described in detail in this book. Different types of pyrolysis or torrefaction processing, combustion, thermal degradation, mechanical properties affecting processing, pre-treatment or treatment processes, or other processes based on thermochemical methods are described as well. The integral part of this book is the bibliometric analysis of worldwide publication trends on biomass and bioenergy with respect to the research evolution with the possibility of predicting future scenarios and the participation of stakeholders in the sector.

Technology: general issues --- pyrolysis --- catalyst --- wood --- waste --- energy --- biogas --- biomass --- cropping system --- establishment --- intercropping --- low-input --- maize --- miscanthus --- methane yield --- perennial crop --- solid biofuel --- waste management --- Coffea spp. --- waste biomass --- calorific value --- mechanical durability --- Pinus pseudostrobus --- Pinus leiophylla --- Pinus montezumae --- pyrolysis kinetics --- TGA-DTG --- Friedman-OFW-KAS models --- FT-IR --- deposit --- biomass industrial boiler --- alkali metal --- circulating fluidized bed --- olive mill solid wastes --- natural binder --- densification --- compressive strength --- Physico-chemical properties --- kinetic parameters --- hydrogen --- reactor headspace --- product inhibition --- kinetic modelling --- clostridium acetobutylicum --- biomass analysis --- alternative biofuels --- emissions --- sewage sludge --- biofuels --- combustion --- grate furnace --- emission --- ash deposition --- biomass densification --- mechanical compaction --- processing factors --- briquette durability --- multivariate tests of significance --- renewable energy --- bioenergy scenario --- biomasses --- systematic review --- pressure torrefaction --- pellet --- renewable energy sources --- energy consumption --- grinding --- thermogravimetric analysis --- proximate analysis --- high heating value --- torrefied biomass --- biochar --- one-pot fractionation with acidic 1,4-dioxane --- Moso bamboo --- furfural --- phenolated lignin --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- high-efficiency fractionation