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Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.

History of engineering & technology --- biomass --- xylan --- lignin --- cellulose --- pretreatment --- solid superacid catalyst --- sulfated tin(IV) oxide --- α-pinene partial coupling --- renewable high-density fuel --- biofuel --- biorefinery --- sugar-decomposed --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- waste biomass --- kinetics --- biomass pre-treatment --- green diesel --- renewable diesel --- Ni catalyst --- hydrodeoxygenation --- Cu-promotion effect --- catalysts --- solvents

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Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.

biomass --- xylan --- lignin --- cellulose --- pretreatment --- solid superacid catalyst --- sulfated tin(IV) oxide --- α-pinene partial coupling --- renewable high-density fuel --- biofuel --- biorefinery --- sugar-decomposed --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- waste biomass --- kinetics --- biomass pre-treatment --- green diesel --- renewable diesel --- Ni catalyst --- hydrodeoxygenation --- Cu-promotion effect --- catalysts --- solvents

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Natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, possess unique hierarchical nanoarchitectures that can never be artificially reconstructed, and their nano-organized structures are involved in the hidden materials functions with great potential. Pioneering the emerging functions of nano-organized polysaccharides will break through to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Technology: general issues --- chitin nanofiber --- deacetylated chitin --- nanopaper --- thermal diffusivity --- powder electroluminescent device --- cellulose nanofiber --- paper electronic device --- paper-based light-emitting device --- dehydrogenative polymer --- enzymatic radical coupling --- lignin --- nanocellulose --- microsphere --- TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber --- chitosan−ZnCl2 complex --- crystal structure --- X-ray fiber diffraction --- nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose --- bacterial cellulose --- peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer --- doxorubicin --- intraperitoneal chemotherapy --- hemicellulose --- xylan --- nanocrystal --- Pickering emulsion --- cellulose derivatives --- cellulose nanocrystal --- cholesteric liquid crystal --- functional materials --- material form --- cellulose nanofibers --- nanocomposite --- xerogel --- flame-retardant --- polydopamine doping --- pyrolysis --- 3D porous nanocarbon --- supercapacitor --- surface carboxylation --- surface deacetylation --- cell culture scaffold --- skin repair --- wound healing --- biomedical applications --- functional nanocomposite --- aqueous process --- sol–gel --- hydrogels --- aerogels --- freeze-drying --- cryogels --- n/a --- sol-gel

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This Brief reports on the interplay of an amino-acid mutation towards substrate which could lead to enhanced effects on mutant. These effects need  to  be given consideration in  the  engineering  processes of protein stability and further exploration of such learning are required to provide novel indication for selection of an enzymes.  There  are  very  few  reports  showing  such  stable,  energy  efficient  model  towards  improved  protein function prediction screening in-silico structure based mutagenesis of xylanases from Thermomyces lanuginosus.

Biochemistry. --- Computational biology. --- Life sciences. --- Xylanases -- Biotechnology. --- Computational biology --- Xylanases --- Proteins --- Fungi --- Protein Stability --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Glycoside Hydrolases --- Investigative Techniques --- Eukaryota --- Hydrolases --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Enzymes --- Organisms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemical Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Ascomycota --- Fungal Proteins --- Enzyme Stability --- Xylosidases --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Animal Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Xylanases. --- Analysis. --- Structure-activity relationships. --- Endoxylanases --- Xylan endoxylosidases --- Proteids --- Proteins. --- Enzymology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Science. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Systems biology --- Biochemistry --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Data processing --- Glycosidases --- Enzymes. --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Enzymology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins .

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Biocatalysis is very appealing to the industry because it allows, in principle, the synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis. Enzymes are very effective, as are precise biocatalysts, as they are enantioselective, with mild reaction conditions and green chemistry. Biocatalysis is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, cosmetic industry, and textile industry. This includes enzyme production, biocatalytic process development, biotransformation, enzyme engineering, immobilization, the synthesis of fine chemicals and the recycling of biocatalysts. One of the most challenging problems in biocatalysis applications is process optimization. This Special Issue shows that an optimized biocatalysis process can provide an environmentally friendly, clean, highly efficient, low cost, and renewable process for the synthesis and production of valuable products. With further development and improvements, more biocatalysis processes may be applied in the future.

Research & information: general --- catechin --- degalloylation --- flavonol --- glycoside hydrolase --- optimization --- tannase --- immobilized DERA --- statin side chain --- continuous flow synthesis --- alginate-luffa matrix --- design of experiments --- Anguilla marmorata --- eel protein hydrolysates --- functional properties --- herbal eel extracts --- agarose --- agarase --- agarotriose --- agaropentaose --- expression --- calycosin --- calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside --- glucosyltransferase --- sucrose synthase --- UDP-glucose recycle --- UGT–SuSy cascade reaction --- Candida antarctica lipase A --- surface-display system --- shear rate --- mass transfer rate --- enzymatic kinetic study --- enzymatic synthesis --- β-amino acid esters --- microreactor --- aromatic amines --- Michael addition --- kraft pulp --- cellulose --- xylan --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- Penicillium verruculosum --- glucose --- xylose --- lipase --- acidolysis --- docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester --- eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester --- ethyl acetate --- kinetics --- styrene monooxygenase --- indole monooxygenase --- two-component system --- chiral biocatalyst --- solvent tolerance --- biotransformation --- epoxidation --- NAD(P)H-mimics --- superoxide dismutase (SOD) --- catalase (CAT) --- glutathione reductase (GR) --- aluminum (Al) --- selenium (Se) --- mouse --- brain --- liver --- phosphatidylcholine --- 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid --- enzymatic interesterification --- biocatalysis --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- enenzymatic hydrolysis --- peptide --- antioxidant --- hepatoprotective activity --- Yarrowia lipolytica --- whole–cell biocatalysis --- indolizine --- cycloaddition --- trehalose --- viscosity --- enzymes --- protein dynamics --- Kramers’ theory --- protein stabilization --- enzyme inhibition --- Lipase --- transesterification --- 2-phenylethyl acetate --- packed-bed reactor --- solvent-free --- cyclic voltammetry --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- carbon nanotubes --- redox mediators --- CYP102A1 --- naringin dihydrochalcone --- neoeriocitrin dihydrochalcone --- regioselective hydroxylation --- n/a --- UGT-SuSy cascade reaction --- whole-cell biocatalysis --- Kramers' theory