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Partant de l’analyse des conséquences humaines d’un système économique axé sur le profit et le culte des “richesses mortes”, ce livre réunit deux proches d’Ivan Illich dans une réflexion commune. Pour Majid Rahnema et Jean Robert, si la pauvreté continue d’être codifiée en termes de calculs économiques abstraits – le pauvre extrême étant défini par un revenu de un dollar par jour –, des formes toujours plus pernicieuses de misère élargiront sans cesse l’abîme entre nantis et miséreux.Constatant l’échec des certitudes établies et des fausses solutions qu’elles engendrent, les auteurs proposent des outils nécessaires à une autre lecture du monde et de ses devenirs révolutionnaires. Ils dialoguent avec ces grands morts que sont Spinoza, Gandhi, Foucault et Deleuze, mais aussi avec des vivants multiples tels que les zapatistes du Mexique, les Sans-Terre du Brésil, les Indiens du mouvement Janadesh, et d’autres encore, moins connus, qui ouvrent tous les jours de nouveaux possibles. Car les voies de l’espérance passent par la redécouverte par chacun de sa propre puissance d’agir.
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Poverty is an urgent form of deprivation, which is very often associated with a lack of the resources needed to satisfy basic human needs. More recently, this urgent deprivation has been identified as having an interpersonal relational component, namely the inferior social position of a poor person within society. This can manifest itself in different ways; one common way is poor people losing valuable social relations or being trapped in harmful social interactions. This affects the lives of the poor and raises normative and empirical questions that require fine-grained analysis. This thesis contributes to this debate by proposing a relational egalitarian account of justice in poverty studies, and by suggesting practical solutions. It responds to the question of what, if it is possible, is the proper way to place the poor in a better social and political position regarding their recognition as full citizens. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I provide a theoretical analysis of the understanding of poverty, by developing the social-relational component. This offers key tools for identifying what is wrong with poverty, and both addresses how poverty can be identified theoretically in a metric of justice, and how it can be measured in practical terms. Following this diagnosis, I propose criteria and thresholds to identify who is poor based on the capability approach. In the second part, I put forward an applied proposal by mapping and evaluating pre-existing anti-poverty programmes. Finally, I suggest that cash-transfer policies should be complemented with local governance by adopting a deliberative strategy coupled with storytelling devices. This is a way to give the poor an active role in the decision-making processes that shape their environment, creating public opportunities for valuable socialisation.
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