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This Element examines the concept of moral responsibility as it is used in contemporary philosophical debates and explores the justifiability of the moral practices associated with it, including moral praise/blame, retributive punishment, and the reactive attitudes of resentment and indignation. After identifying and discussing several different varieties of responsibility-including causal responsibility, take-charge responsibility, role responsibility, liability responsibility, and the kinds of responsibility associated with attributability, answerability, and accountability-it distinguishes between basic and non-basic desert conceptions of moral responsibility and considers a number of skeptical arguments against each. It then outlines an alternative forward-looking account of moral responsibility grounded in non-desert-invoking desiderata such as protection, reconciliation, and moral formation. It concludes by addressing concerns about the practical implications of skepticism about desert-based moral responsibility and explains how optimistic skeptics can preserve most of what we care about when it comes to our interpersonal relationships, morality, and meaning in life.
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Most people would agree that a small child, or a cognitively impaired adult, is less responsible for their actions, good or bad, than an unimpaired adult. But how do we explain that difference, and how far can anyone be praised or blamed for what they have done ? In this fascinating introduction, Matthew Talbert explores some of the key questions shaping current debates about moral responsibility, including: What is free will, and is it required for moral responsibility ? Are we responsible for the unforeseen consequences of our actions ? Is it fair to blame people for doing what they believe is right ? And are psychopaths open to blame ? As Talbert argues, we are morally responsible for our actions when they are related to us in particular ways : when our actions express our true selves, for example, or when we exercise certain kinds of control over them. It is because we bear these relationships to our actions that we are open to praise and blame. Moral Responsibility will be an important resource for students and researchers in ethics, moral psychology, and philosophy of agency and of great interest to all those wishing to understand an important aspect of our moral practices.
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Notre parole répond aux autres, aux situations, au monde, à nous, à Dieu. Nous répondons de nous et de ce que nous serons. Comment décrire ces divers modes de la parole comme réponse ? Comment penser le lien de la réponse et de la responsabilité ? Qu'en est-il de la lutte entre réponses adverses ? Tels sont les enjeux de ces réflexions conduites sous la forme de conférences données par l'auteur dans le cadre de l'Institut catholique de Paris en janvier 2007.
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"The Oxford Handbook of Moral Responsibility is a collection of 33 articles by leading international scholars on the topic of moral responsibility and its main forms, praiseworthiness and blameworthiness. The articles in the volume provide a comprehensive survey on scholarship on this topic since 1960, with a focus on the past three decades. Articles address the nature of moral responsibility-whether it is fundamentally a matter of deserved blame and praise; or whether it is grounded anticipated good consequences, such as moral education and formation; or whether there are different kinds of moral responsibility. They examine responsibility for both actions and omissions, whether responsibility comes in degrees, and whether groups such as corporations can be responsible. The traditional debates about this issue focus on threats to moral responsibility from causal determinism, and from the absence of the ability to do otherwise that may result; and articles in the volume appraise the most recent developments in these debates. They also discuss how physics, neuroscience, and psychological research on topics such as addiction and implicit bias illuminate the ways and degrees to which we might be responsible. Philosophical reflection on the personal relationships and moral responsibility has been especially intense over the past two decades, and a number of articles reflect this development. Blameworthiness is often linked to attitudes such as moral resentment and indignation, and the role of these attitudes in relationships is explored. Forgiveness and reconciliation also have an important role in personal relationships, and articles in the volume explore these responsibility-related notions"--
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