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Supererogation.

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Supererogation --- General ethics --- Duty --- Responsibility

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Abuse of rights --- Duty --- Supererogation

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Un individu en sauve plusieurs autres, inconnus de lui, au péril de sa vie, dans des circonstances difficiles, alors qu'il n'était tenu par aucune mission ou aucune fonction de le faire. Pour l'opinion commune, voilà qui est héroïque. Objets de fascination, les personnes moralement " héroïques " ou " saintes " sont nommées ainsi parce qu'elles ont accompli des actes exceptionnels, au-delà de tout devoir moral, des actes " surérogatoires ". Mais peut-on vraiment aller au-delà de l'obligation morale? Interrogé sur son acte, notre héros dit simplement: " Je n'ai fait que mon devoir. " Formule d'humilité, peut-être. Pourtant ne dirait-il pas la vérité? On a peut-être trop vite fait de donner des limites au devoir, comme un prétexte pour ne pas agir, en bien des circonstances. Cependant si le devoir est sans limite, l'exigence morale ne sera-t-elle pas excessive, insupportable? Les philosophes se disputent sur ce sujet. Il y a là une zone trouble de l'éthique, dont ce livre explore les paradoxes, en étudiant les débats contemporains sur les limites du devoir, et leurs répercussions sur notre vie éthique la plus ordinaire.

Supererogation --- Duty --- Moral development --- Surérogation. --- Devoir.

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"The philosophical commitment to moral responsibility seems unshakable. But, argues Bruce Waller, the philosophical belief in moral responsibility is much stronger than the philosophical arguments in favor of it. Philosophers have tried to make sense of moral responsibility for centuries, with mixed results. Most contemporary philosophers insist that even conclusive proof of determinism would not and should not result in doubts about moral responsibility. Many embrace compatibilist views, and propose an amazing variety of competing compatibilist arguments for saving moral responsibility. In this provocative book, Waller examines the stubborn philosophical belief in moral responsibility, surveying the philosophical arguments for it but focusing on the system that supports these arguments: powerful social and psychological factors that hold the belief in moral responsibility firmly in place. Waller argues that belief in moral responsibility is not isolated but rather is a central element of a larger belief system; doubting or rejecting moral responsibility will involve major adjustments elsewhere in a wide range of beliefs and values. Belief in moral responsibility is one strand of a complex and closely woven fabric of belief, comprising threads from biology, psychology, social institutions, criminal justice, religion, and philosophy. These dense interconnections, Waller contends, make it very difficult to challenge the belief in moral responsibility at the center. They not only influence the philosophical arguments in favor of moral responsibility but also add powerful extraphilosophical support for it"--Publisher's description.

Responsibility. --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Ethics --- Supererogation --- PHILOSOPHY/General